Swaging ( ) is a forging process in which item dimensions are changed using the dies to which the item is forced. Swaging is usually a cold work process, but it can also work hot.
The term swage may apply to the process (verb) or die or the tool used in it (the noun).
Video Swaging
Origin
The term "swage" is derived from the Old French term souage , which means "decorative flow" or "ornamental molding". Swages were originally tools used by blacksmiths to form metals into various forms too complicated to be made with hammers only. It has a handle for holding or pegs to attach to the runway, and often a flat head because it is striking with a hammer. The swinging blocks are anvil-like dies with various forms forged into them, which are also used to form metals. Swages are called "fullers" specifically to create a groove on a sword and a knife.
Swage is most pronounced (AHD format: sw? j). Another (less common) pronunciation sometimes heard in the metalworking industry is (AHD format: sw? J) (probably influenced by sledge as in sledgehammer >).
Maps Swaging
Process
As a general manufacturing process of swaging can be broken down into two categories. The first category of swaging involves extrusion of the workpiece, forcing it through the screen to reduce its diameter, similar to the wire drawing process. This can also be called a "swaging tube". The second category involves two or more dies that are used to hammer the round workpiece into a smaller diameter. This process is usually called "rotary swaging" or "radial forging".
The tubes can be marked (the diameter is reduced to allow the tubes to be initially fed through the die for later drawn from the other side) using a rotary swager, which allows them to be drawn on the drawing bench. Swaging is usually the preferred method for precious metals because there is no material loss in the process.
Rotary swaging is usually a cold work process, used to reduce diameter, produce taper, or add dots to a round workpiece. It can also provide an internal shape in a blank workpiece through the use of a mandrel (the shape must have a constant cross section). Swinging the cushion to the home means widening the lips of the groove to the dwelling gutter, or widening the housing material over the edge of the cushion. The combustion is carried out with a pair of rolls that run around the hole and inserted into the metal deformation section in a controlled and predictable way. Greases are often used to lubricate this swaging process, also called swaging rolls .
The swaging machine works by using two or four separate separate prints and closing up to 2,000 times per minute. This action is achieved by attaching die to the engine shaft that is rotated by the motor. Spindles are installed inside a cage that contains rollers (looks like roller bearings). The roll is bigger than the cage so the spindle turns dead pushed out to ride on the cage by centrifugal force, as die crossing the rollers they push off together because of their larger size. On a four-die machine, the number of rollers causes all to die to close at a time; if the number of rollers does not cause all dead pairs to close at the same time then the machine is called a rotary forging machine, even though it is still a diversion process.
A variation of a swing swager is a creeping crusher where both axis and cage rotates in opposite directions, preventing the production of fins between dies where the swept material generates a gap between the dies.
There are two basic types of rotary swaging machines, standard (also known as tagging machines), and bb> butt swaging machines . A butt rake machine works by having a set of slices that close the die to the workpiece by inserting them between the annular rollers and the die, usually using a foot pedal. A butt rifle machine can allow the workpiece to be inserted without a dead cover on it, for example a three-foot workpiece can be inserted 12 inches and then die closed, pulled up to 12 inches fixed and dead then released, workpiece finished later, for example, length into four legs but still with the initial diameter for one leg at each end.
Usage
Blacksmithing
Swages are used to form metals in various ways, to enhance their beauty or suitability for the intended purpose.
Electronics
In the assembly of printed circuit boards, individual pin connectors are sometimes pressed/swung into place using the press arbor. Some pins have hollow ends that are pressed by an arbor to form a mushroom-shaped head. Typical pin diameters range from 0.017-0.093 inches or larger. Swaging is an alternative or a supplement to soldering.
Plastic
Heat swaging is a similar process to heat the wind, but this involves rolling or reshaping the wall (usually the perimeter) of the plastic part to retain parts or other components.
Pipes and cables
The most common use of swaging is to install fittings to pipes or cables (also called wire ropes); the loose parts fit together, and the mechanical or hydraulic tools compress and alter the fitting, creating a permanent connection. Pipe flaring machine is another example. Patches of lit pipe are sometimes known as "putting swaging", "swaging pipe", or "reducing nipple". In furniture, legs made of metal tubes (especially in commercial furniture) are often replaced to increase the strength in which they come into contact with the soil, or casters.
See blade teeth
In sawmills, dents are used to burn large saws or circular sawtooths, which increase the width of the pieces, called scratches. A clamp attaches to the mandrel and dies to the teeth and the eccentric die is rotated, shifting the edges. A much earlier version of the same operation uses a hard, shaped, hand-hammered bolt print. Saw teeth formed in this way are sometimes referred to as "sets". Operation finishing, shaping, cold working points on the gear side to flat. This may be considered as a side deviation. This slightly reduces tooth width but increases operating time between "fittings". Swaging is a major advance on submissions because it is faster, more precise and greatly extends the operation of the saw.
Manufacturing
When dealing with rubber components with bonded metal arm molds, swaging provides a more controlled and cost-effective alternative to 'shooting' rubber parts into metal sleeves, where intensive, less reliable operation is required to complete the product. A metal can with a fastening component (such as a phosphate) is painted to an inner diameter, and the liquid rubber is injected into the metal arm. This creates a product that when cooled can change to the desired size. The second reason for this is that the product is more reliable, and during the rubber reshuffling process is more relaxed when the outer part of the rubber is bound to have its diameter reduced, changing the value of the spring (K) and the damping coefficient (C)) of the rubber. After swaging, any inconsistencies in metal and rubber have been minimized.
Firearms
In internal ballistics, swaging describes the bullet process that enters the barrel and squeezed to fit the rifling. Most of the firearms bullets are made slightly larger than the inner diameter of the gun, so they are moved to do the rifling and form a tight seal when firing. Compare with obturate.
In the manufacture of ammunition, the swaged bullet is a bullet produced by compressing the metal at room temperature into a die to form it into a bullet shape. Another common manufacturing method is casting, which uses molten metal poured into the mold. Because the metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled, the cast bullet must be cast with a mold slightly larger than the desired final size, so that when the molten metal cools, it will harden at the correct point to shrink to the desired size. In contrast, swaged bullets, as they are formed at the temperature at which they are to be used, can be formed in the mold to the desired size. This means that the swaged bullets are generally more precise than the cast bullets. The swaging process also causes fewer imperfections, since the voids commonly found in the casting will be pressed in the swaging process. The swaging process that refers to the cold flow of metal into a bullet is a process that does not squeeze the metal into smaller shapes but presses smaller thin items to be shaped into shorter and slightly wider forms.
Individuals who make their own bullets usually do not know the available manual equipment available and die required for the swaging bullets, and thus choose to make bullets. To get high precision results, it is common to throw a bullet a bit of greatness, then filter the casting produced through the mold to do the final formation. Since the amount of pressure required to measure the bullet is much less than it takes to form a bullet, a simple mechanical press can be used, often the same press is used for handloading ammunition.
All larger reload equipment manufacturers have abandoned the manufacture or marketing of bullet rake equipment due to a decrease in manual method popularity and subsequent sales loss. Currently there are only a few die makers that produce and market swaging bullet equipment. Four equipment makers and dead, CH/4D, RCE, Corbin, and Kaine Dies Custom Manufacturers, manufacture most bullet exchanging equipment in the United States.
Medicine
In surgery, the yarn used in the stitches often turns into a needle without eyes to prevent damage because the needle and thread stitches are pulled through the wound.
Musical Instrument Repair
In musical instruments the usual term fix on both sides of the Atlantic is swedging, not swaging, although it is generally recognized that the first comes from the last. Key instruments such as clarinets, bassoons, oboe and flute need to be swung when years of key movement have compressed or pressed metal from the hinge tube they rotate and make it slightly shorter, so the key can spread along the length of the rod. instead of being held tightly between the poles that stick the baton to the instrument body. This creates a floppy key and a bad air seal and needs to be fixed by lengthening (swiping) the hinge tube. This is a job that needs to be done by hand, and swedging pliers with a highly polished oval hole in the jaw to fit the common size of the hinge tube that is often used to achieve this, although various exclusive swedging designs are available to do the same. work more efficiently.
In piano technology, swaging occurs in several areas: lead leads, underlever leads, and bass strings. The main key which, in the earliest history of the piano, was actually made using tin, soft, round pieces that were inserted into the holes drilled into the piano keys as a means of balancing the action. The primary keys vary in size, generally small, medium, and large. Basically, the main hints help make the keyboard touch light enough to be played. Over time, due to fluctuations in humidity and like the age of wood on key-rod and piano underlever, the space developing around leads causes them to beat, beat, or bump. Loose leads on underlevers tend to be the most irritating to the pianist because it is difficult to determine where the sound (often "tick" sound) originates. The cure for the noise swings - punching leads with short steel rods. Swaging leads to fill the void and eliminate noise.
The bass strings on a piano are usually made with a round steel core - sometimes a pulled hexagon, where copper is wrapped. Particularly on rounded core wire, the last few inches of the area where the winding tip is often flattened - swung - to create an interesting point for a winding copper material.
Car style
As swaging is a technique in which a cold metal is formed over a grooved or wiping tool, the term is adopted in the field of automotive styling to illustrate when two panes are put together, the edge of one panel is carded so that the other coats create an impression of one continuous surface.
This term is now often used generally to refer to similar designs.
Lockbolts
Lockbolt is a binder similar to bolts in appearance and function. However, instead of using a screw thread that is connected to the nut using a circular motion, the lockbolt has a circular groove around the bolt shaft (pin). After placing the lockbolt in the hole, the collar without the yarn is forced at high pressure around the circular groove, deforming the collar and permanently locking it into place around the groove. Swaging is a general term for adjusting lockbolts and collar assemblies. During the lockbolt mounting cycle, a defective collar around the pin with a locking groove using a special tool. This tool is connected to the pintail, which is an additional part of the pin material protruding over the collar that is being pulled and pulled by the device. This style on the pintail pushes the joint joint, and the conic socket of the tool is forced down the collar, which reduces the diameter and the more swages of the collar material into the harder pin grooves. Because the force required for swaging increases during the process, the installation will finish when the shortcut breaks.
See also
- Crimp (metal work)
- Flare connection
- Nicopress Swaged Sleeve
- Swaged socket
- Talurit waves arms
References
Bibliography
- Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.). Wiley. ISBN 0-471-65653-4. .
- Sullivan, Gary & amp; Crawford, Lance, "The Heat Stake Advantage". Magazine Decorative Plastics. Edition January/February 2003. ISSN 1536-9870. (Topeka, KS: Peterson Publications, Inc.). Section: Assembly: pages 11-12, covering Sullivan & amp; Crawford article.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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