Amit? bha ( Sanskrit pronunciation: Ã, Amida or Amit? yus , is a celestial soul according to Mahayana Buddhism's holy book. Amit? Bha is the main Buddhist in Pure Land Buddhism, a branch of East Asian Buddhism. In Vajrayana Buddhism, Amit? Bha is known for its longevity attributes, red fire element magnets, aggregates of discernment, pure perception and deep consciousness of the phenomenon of emptiness. According to this scripture, Amit? Bha has an infinite reward resulting from the good deeds of countless past lives as a bodhisattva named Dharmak? Ra. Amit? Bha means "Infinite Light", and Amit? Yus means "Unlimited Life" so Amit? Bha is also called the "Buddha of Light and Measurable Life".
Video Amit?bha
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According to Larger S? Tra Life Immeasurable , Amit? Bha is, in very ancient times and perhaps in other world systems, a monk named Dharmak? Ra. In some versions of s? Tra, Dharmak? Ra is described as a former king who, having come into contact with Buddhism through the buddha Loke? Varar? Ja, leaving his throne. He then decides to become a buddha and to belong to a buddhak? Etra ("buddha-field", the realm that exists in the primordial universe outside the ordinary reality, generated by the virtues of a buddha) has many perfection. These resolutions are expressed in forty-eight oaths, which determine the types of Dharmak poems? Ra is aspired to be created, the conditions under which beings may be born into that world, and what kind of creatures they were born again there..
In the widely known sutra versions of China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan, the eighteenth oath of Dharmak? Ra is that any creature in the universe who wants to be reborn in the pure land of Amit? Bha (Chinese: ?? ; pinyin: jÃÆ'¬ngt? Japanese Pronunciation: j? Korean Language: ?? ; romaja: jeongto ; Vietnamese: t? nh ?? ) and calling his name even as little as ten times will be guaranteed rebirth there. His nineteenth pledge promises that he, along with the other blessed bodhisattvas and Buddhists, will appear before those who call him at death. The openness and acceptance of all kinds of people has made confidence in the unspoiled land one of the main influences in MahÄ yÄ n Buddhism. The Holy Land of Buddhism seems to have first become popular in Gandhara, from which it spread to Central Asia and China.
The Sutra went on to explain that Amit? Bha, after gathering a great reward for countless lives, finally reached the buddhahood and still lives on his Sukh? Vat? Land, whose benevolence and excitement are explained.
Basic doctrines of Amit? Bha and his oath were found in three canonical texts Mahyoya:
- Silk Life Unlimited
- Sutra Amitayurdhyana
- Sutra Amitabha
Through his efforts, Amit? Bha created a pure land called Sukh? Vat? (Sanskrit: "have happiness"). Sukh? Vat? located at the west end, beyond our own world boundaries. With the power of her oath, Amit? Bha has made it possible for all who call him to be born again in this land, there to undergo his instruction in dharma and eventually become bodhisattva and buddha in turn (the ultimate goal of MahÄ y na Buddhism). From there, these same bodhisattvas and buddhas return to our world to help more people.
Amit bha is a comprehensive buddha of love. He lives in the West (represented as a meditating Buddhist) and works for the enlightenment of all beings (represented as a blessed Buddha). The most important technique of enlightenment is the visualization of the surrounding world as a paradise. Those who see his world as heaven awaken his enlightened energies. The world can be seen as heaven by a suitable positive thought (thought of enlightenment) or by sending light to all beings (may all beings be happy). After Amit's doctrine? Bha, one can come to heaven (in the Holy Land of Amit? Bha), if they visualize the moment of their death Amit? Bha in heaven (sun) over their head (western horizon), think of his name as a mantra and leave the body as soul through the crown chakra.
Vajray? na Buddhism
Amit? Bha is also known in Tibet, Mongolia, and other areas where Tibetan Buddhism is practiced. In the highest Tibetan Buddhist yogatantra, Amit? Bha considered as one of the Five Buddhas Dhy? Ni (together with Sanskrit's International Sanskrit alphabet) Akh Obhya, Amoghasiddhi, Ratnasambhava, and Vairocana), which is linked to the west and skandha i> from sa? JÃÆ' Â ±? , the aggregate that differentiates (recognition) and the depth of consciousness of individuality. His partner is P ??? arav? Sin? The two main disciples (the same number as the Buddha Gautama) are the bodhisattva Vajrapani and Avalokite? Vara, the first to his left and the last to his right. In Tibetan Buddhism, there are a number of famous prayers to take rebirth in Sukh? Vat? (Dewachen). One of them was written by Je Tsongkhapa at the request of Manjushri; for discussion and translation of the most important prayers in the Tibetan tradition, see Halkias.
Panchen Lamas and Shamarpa regarded as Amit emanations? Bha.
He is often summoned in Tibet either as Amit? Bha - especially in phowa practices or as Amit? Yus - especially in long-term practices and preventing too fast death.
In Shingon Buddhism, Amit? Bha is seen as one of the thirteen Buddhas that can be rewarded by practitioners. Shingon, like Tibetan Buddhism, also uses special devotional spells for Amit? Bha, although the spells used are different. Amit? Bha is also one of the Buddhas featured in Rahim Realm Mandala used in Shingon practices, and sits to the west, which is where the Pure Land of Amit? Bha is said to live.
Mantra
Amit? Bha is the center of a number of mantras in the practice of Vajrayana. Sanskrit form of Amit spell? Bha is ? ?????? ????? (Devanagari: o? amit? bha hr ?? ), spoken in Tibetan Version as Om ami god hri (Sanskrit: o? Amideva hr ??). The spell in Shingon Buddhism is At amirita teizei kara un (Japanese: ????????????????), which represents the underlying Indicator form Hi? am? ta-teje hara h ?? .
Besides using the mantras listed above, many Buddhist schools use the name Amit? Bha in practice known as nianfo ?? in Chinese and nembutsu in Japanese.
Maps Amit?bha
Names in multiple languages ​​
The exact form of Amit's name? Bha in Sanskrit is Amit? Bha , masculine, and single nominative are Amit? Bha? . This is a combination of the Sanskrit words amita ("without boundaries," and ? Bh? ("light, splendor"). Consequently, the name should be interpreted as "he who has infinite light, he whose infinite infinite".
Name Amit? Yus (nominative form Amit? Yu? ) is also used for Sambhogak aspect? Yes from Amitabha, especially those related to longevity. He was largely depicted sitting and holding in his hand a vessel containing the nectar of immortality. In Tibetan Buddhism, Amitayus is also one of three long life gods (Amitayus, Tara Putih and U ???? avijay?). Amit? yus into a compound amita ("infinite") and ? yus ("live"), and that means "he whose life is infinite".
In Chinese, ???? ("mÃÆ'tuÃÆ'³fÃÆ'³"), sometimes pronounced "? mÃÆ'tuÃÆ'³fÃÆ'³", is a Chinese pronunciation for the Sanskrit name of Amit? bha Buddha (Amida Buddha). The "a mi tuo" is a transliteration of the Sanskrit word "Amida" meaning "infinite" (??, "wuliang"). "Fo" is the Chinese word for "Buddha".
In Vietnamese, Korean, and Japanese, the same Chinese character used for Amitabha is used to represent his name, though they are pronounced slightly different:
- Vietnam: A Di? ÃÆ' Ph? t
- Korean: Amita Bul
- Japan: Amida Butsu .
In addition to transliteration, the name Amit? Bha has also been translated into Chinese using characters that, taken together, convey the meaning of "Unlimited Light": ??? (WÃÆ'ºliÃÆ'? Ng Ng). In the same way, the name Amit? Yus ("Infinite Life") has been translated as ??? (WÃÆ'ºliÃÆ' ngshÃÆ'²u). These translated names, however, are very commonly used.
In Japanese, Amit? Bha is also called Amida Nyorai ( ????? , "Tath? Gata Amit? Bha") .
In Tibet, Amit? Bha is called ???????????? Wylie: 'od dpag med, THL: ÃÆ'â € "pakmÃÆ'Â © and in the form of reflexes as Amit? Yus, ??????????? Wylie: tshe dpag med, THL: TsÃÆ'Â © pakmÃÆ' Â ©. They are iconographically different.
Iconography
Amit? Bha is said to feature 84,000 beneficial signs and differentiates which reflects many of its virtues. Amit bha can often be distinguished by its mudr? Amit? Bha is often portrayed, when shown sitting, showing mudr meditation? (thumb touch and fingers together as in Grand Buddha Kamakura ( ???? ) in K? toku-in or mudr exposition? touching the earth? (right hand pointing down on the right foot, the palm inside) is reserved for a Gautama Buddha sitting alone, and can also be seen holding a lotus in his hand while displaying mudr meditation?
Is there a difference between Amit? Yus and Amit? Bha. Amit? Yus - Buddha Unlimited Life - and Amit? Bha - Unlimited Light Buddha - basically the same, into a reflective reflection of each other. The sutras in which the Buddha Gautama describes the majesty of Sukhavati, the Holy Land, speak of the Buddha who led sometimes as Amitabha and sometimes as Amitayus. When described as Amit? Yus he is depicted in good clothes and jewelry and as Amithaha in simple monk's clothes. They are also known only as Amida in Chinese and Japanese traditions. The image of the golden statue in the article is Amitayus as he wears a five-pointed crown, which is the easiest way to tell the difference. Amit? Yus is Amit emanation? Bha. Amit? Bha is the head of the Lotus family.
When standing, Amit? Bha is often displayed with the bare left hand and extended down with the thumb and index finger touching, with the right hand facing out also with the thumb and index finger touching. The meaning of this mudra is that the wisdom (symbolized by the raised hand) is accessible even to the lowest creature, while the outstretched hand shows that Amitabha's compassion is directed to the lower creature, who can not save themselves.
When not pictured alone, Amit? Bha often described with two assistants: Avalokite? Vara on the right and Mah? Sth? Mapr? Pta on the left.
In Vajrayana, Amit? Bha is the most ancient of the Dhyani Buddhas. He is a red color derived from the red syllable hr ?? . It represents the cosmic element "Sanjana" (name). His vehicle is a peacock. He showed Samadhi Mudra both palms folded facing up, one on top of the other, lying on his lap. The lotus is the sign. When represented in the stupa, he always faces west. He is worshiped thinking that one can have salvation.
Origin of archeology
The first known epigraphic evidence for Amit? Bha is the underside of a statue found in Govindnagar, Pakistan and is now located in the Government Museum, Mathura. The statue is dated to "the 28th year of the reign of the Khlijan Kushan Empire" ie "sometime in the second half of the second century during the Kushan Empire , and apparently dedicated to "Amit? bha Buddha" by the merchant's family.
The first known Sutra mentioned Amit? Bha is a translation to Mandarin from Pratyutpanna Sam? Dhi S? Tra by Kushan monk Lokak? Ema about 180. This work is said to originate from the practice of pure land in China.
The appearance of literature and the remains of sculpture by the end of the second century shows that the doctrine of Amit? Bha may develop during the first and second centuries. Furthermore, there are statues of Amitabha in mudra dhyani and bronze Amitabha in abhaya mudra from the first century Gandhara era, showing the popularity of Amitabha during that time. One of the last prayer statues of Amitabha can be found in the trademark black stone of the Pala Empire, which was the last Buddhist empire in India and lost its influence in the twelfth century due to the Muslim conquest of the Indian subcontinent.
See also
Note
Bibliography
- Karashima, Seishi (2009), On Amit? bha, Amit? yu (s), Sukh? vat? and Amit? bhavy? ha, Buletin Institute of Asia, New Series, 23, 121-130Ã, -Ã, via JSTOR (subscription required)
External links
- The Buddha Speaks about the Amitabha Sutra (Holy Land)
- Shingon Buddhism: Amida Nyorai/Buddha light and Infinite Life
- HH. Chetsang Rinpoche on Amitabha and Dewachen
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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