Along the River During the Qingming Festival , also known by the Chinese name as Qingming Shanghe Tu , is a painting by Song dynasty artist Zhang Zeduan (1085-1145). It captures the daily lives of people and the landscape of the capital, Bianjing (now Kaifeng) during the Northern Song. This theme is often said to celebrate the festive spirit and worldly commotion at the Qingming Festival, rather than the ceremonial aspects of the holidays, such as sweeping tombs and prayers. Successive scenes reveal the lifestyles of all walks of life from rich to poor as well as to different economic activities in rural and urban areas, and offer a glimpse of period and architectural clothing. This painting is considered the most famous work of all Chinese paintings, and it is called "Mona Lisa China". "
As an artistic creation, this work is revered and the palace artists of the next dynasty create a re-interpretative version, each following the original composition and original theme but differing in detail and technique. Over the centuries, Qingming scrolls were collected and stored among many private owners, before finally returning to public property. The painting was a special favorite of Puyi, the Last Emperor, who took the original Song dynasty when he left Beijing. It was bought back in 1945 and kept in the Palace Museum in the Forbidden City. The original Song dynasty and Qing version, in Beijing and Taipei Palace Museum respectively, are considered national treasures and exhibited only for brief periods every few years.
Video Along the River During the Qingming Festival
Lagu asli
The roll is 25.5 cm (10.0 inches) in height and 5.25 meters (5.74 yards) long. Its length is 814 people, 28 boats, 60 animals, 30 buildings, 20 vehicles, 8 sedan seats, and 170 trees. Only about twenty women appeared in the original Song Dynasty, and only women from low social rankings were visible out of doors except accompanied by men.
Rural and densely populated cities are the two main parts in the picture, with the river winding throughout the whole. The right part is the rural area of ​​the city. There are farm fields and rural people who are in no hurry - especially farmers, goat herders, and pig herders - in rural scenery. The country's path extends into roads and joins the city's streets. The left half is an urban area, which eventually leads to the right city with the gate. Many economic activities, such as people loading cargo to ships, shops, and even tax offices, can be seen in this area. People from all walks of life are portrayed: hawkers, magicians, actors, poor people begging, monks asking for alms, fortune-tellers and fortune tellers, doctors, inn keepers, teachers, mills, metalworkers, carpenters, bricklayers and official scholars of all levels.
Outside the right city (separated by gate to left), there are various types of businesses, selling wine, wheat, scrap, cookware, bows and arrows, lanterns, musical instruments, gold and silver, ornaments, dyed fabrics, paintings, treatments, needles, and artifacts, as well as many restaurants. Vendors (and in the Qing revision, the stores themselves) stretch along the big bridge, called the Rainbow Bridge (?? Hong Qiao ) or, less frequently, the Shangtu Bridge (???).
Where a large bridge across the river is the center and main focus of the scroll. A big commotion moves people on the bridge. A boat approaching with an awkward angle with its pole not fully lowered, threatening to crash into the bridge. The crowds on the bridge and along the river shouted and pointed toward the boat. Someone near the top of the bridge lowered the rope into the hands of the crew stretched out below. In addition to shops and dining venues, there are lodgings, temples, private homes, and official buildings that vary in grandeur and style, from huts to luxurious homes with magnificent front and back yard.
People and commodities are transported in various ways: wheeled carts, working animals (in particular, large numbers of mules and donkeys), sedan chairs, and chariots. The river is full of fishing boats and ferries carrying passengers, with people on the banks of the river, attracting larger vessels.
Much of this detail is roughly corroborated by the Song Dynasty writings, notably Dongjing Meng Hua Lu, which describes many of the same features of life in the capital.
Maps Along the River During the Qingming Festival
Exhibition
In a rare move, the original song was showcased in Hong Kong from June 29 to mid-August 2007 to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the Hong Kong transfer to the People's Republic of China. It is estimated that the cost of shipping the painting reaches tens of millions of dollars in addition to the undisclosed costs to insure this invaluable artwork.
From 2 to 24 January 2012, the painting was exhibited at the Tokyo National Museum as the centerpiece of a special exhibition to mark 40 years of normalized diplomatic relations between China and Japan, with Japanese museum officials providing the "highest safety standards" for employment.
Copies
The original painting is celebrated as the most famous artwork of the Song dynasty. It was the pride of the emperor's personal emperor's collection for centuries. The emperors assigned copies, or reproductions, reinterpretations and elaborations, more than forty of them in museums in China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, England, North America, and France. A large modern reproduction is shown at the entrance of the Foreign Ministry in Beijing.
Early copies, generally considered to be very faithful to the original, were made by Zhao Mengfu during the Yuan dynasty. Other famous remakes were painted during the Ming dynasty (14th-17th century). This version has a length of 6.7 meters, longer than the original. It also replaced the sights of the Song dynasty with the Ming dynasty based on contemporary fashion and habits, updating the costumes worn by the character and style of the vehicle (boat and train). Song's wooden bridge was replaced by a stone bridge in Ming remake. This stone bridge arc is much higher than the original wood, and where the original ship will crash into the bridge, the reinterpretation has a methodically guided boat under a bridge with ropes, drawn by people on land, some other large boats dutifully awaiting their turn , not distrubed. A 12-meter copy from the end of the Ming period is kept in the collection of the Museum of Applied Art, Vienna in Austria.
Other versions by five Qing dynasty courtiers (Chen Mu, Sun Hu, Jin Kun, Dai Hong and Cheng Zhidao) were presented to Emperor Qianlong on January 15, 1737. This version, shown below, was then moved, along with many other artifacts , to the National Palace Museum in Taipei in 1949.
There are more people, more than 4,000, in the Qing remake, which is also much larger (at 11 meters by 35 cm, or 37 feet per 1 foot). The leftmost third of this version is inside the palace, with buildings and people who look fine and elegant. Most people inside the castle are women, with some well-dressed officials. By contrast, in the original Song version, the far left side is still a busy city.
Related poems
In April 1742, a poem was added to the far right of the Qing remake. The poem was apparently composed by Emperor Qianlong; his calligraphy in the running manuscript style, and is in the hands of Liang Shizheng (???), a prominent court official and often a companion to Emperor Qianlong. The poem reads as follows:
Digital version
During the three-month period at World Expo 2010 presented at the China Pavilion, the original painting was recreated into 3D animation, an interactive digital version of viewers, titled River of Wisdom , about 30 times its size. of the original scroll. A computer animated mural, with characters and moving objects and depicting scenes in a 4-minute afternoon to night cycle, is one of the main exhibitions in the Chinese Pavilion, drawing a line of up to two hours with a reservation. Complicated computer animation gives life to the painting.
After the Expo, the digital version was exhibited at the AsiaWorld-Expo in Hong Kong from 9 to 29 November 2010, where it was a huge commercial success. It was exhibited at the Macau Dome in Macau from 25 March to 14 April 2011. The digital painting also traveled to Taiwan and was featured at the Expo Dome in Taipei from 1 July to 4 September 2011. From 7 December 2011 to 6 February 2012, in an exhibition titled A Moving Masterpiece: The Song Dynasty As Living Art , a digital reproduction showcased at the Singapore Expo.
Gallery
Analysis and questions
Scholars have studied the painting more carefully in the second half of the twentieth century and early 21st century but disagree on many basic points.
Translation title
Scholars have denied the accuracy of the translation of the painting name; the word Qingming can refer to the Qingming Festival or to "peace and order". Some translations have been suggested, such as:
- Get Married at the Qingming Festival
- Living along the Bian River at Qingming Festival
- Living Together with the River Bian at Pure Brightness Festival
- Riverside Scene at Qingming Festival
- Upper River during Qing Ming Festival
- Spring Festival on the River ,
- Spring Festival Through the River , or alternatively,
- Peace Reigns Over the River .
During the late 1960s, the Taipei Palace Museum released a series of books (later digitized as CD-ROMs), videos, and postage stamps that translated them loosely as Cathay City .
Meaning and content
Three things have been accepted about the original painting:
- The depicted city is Kaifeng
- It was painted before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127
- This describes the Qingming Festival
Some scholars recently challenged each of these statements:
- The city depicted is a city that is not ideal
- Painted after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in 1127
- This describes the scene in early fall
In 2003 further interpretations were presented:
- The city depicted is indeed Kaifeng
- This describes a day in the Qingming Sun period from the Chinese calendar, but not the Qingming Festival itself
An interpretation published in 2013 suggested that the painting was the artist's subtle pose to the emperor to see the dangerous trends beneath the surface of prosperity, and some suggested hints are:
- Receiving shipments of grain on the dock is very important for Kaifeng who relies on food transport from the southern tip, but only a lowly official on duty
- Some of the guards stationed at city gates and docks seem unaware and even negligent in their appearance
- The term "Qingming" refers not to the term sun but is taken from the phrase ???? ("The bright and enlightened Era") of the later Han Book , and the name of the painting is meant to be ironic
The wooden bridge depicted in its original version was reconstructed by a team of engineers and documented by the PBS television show NOVA during the series The Secret of Lost Wealth .
See also
- Chinese Paintings
- Cult of the Song dynasty
References
External links
- The Palace Museum, Beijing
- National Palace Museum, Taiwan
- The "Qingming Shanghe Tu" Place in Song Dynasty Dongjing Geography of History
- Interactive painting from Harvard University one and two
- Along the River During the Qingming Festival at Columbia University
- An interactive painting full of Qing remake on the National Palace Museum website
- Along the River During the Qingming Festival at the Online Chinese Museum
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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