A router ( , also ) is a hand tool or power tool that workers use to route an area in relatively hard materials such as wood or plastic. Routers are mainly used in woodworking, especially cabinet. Routers are usually handheld or cut-cutting end-ups in a router table.
The hand tool type of the router is its original form. It is a special type of plane with a broad base and a narrow knife that projects well beyond the base plate (giving it the nickname of the old lady's teeth). The power tool form of a router with an electric motor-driven shaft is now a more common form. The hand tool version is now often called router plane , and for some tasks, it still provides some advantages over power tools. Some workers consider the electrical router as one of the most versatile woodworking tools. The CNC wood router implements the superiority of CNC (Computer Numerical Control).
Associated with the router is a smaller, lighter version designed specifically to trim the laminate. This can be used for smaller common routing jobs. For example, with the right jig can be used for recessive door hinges and lock the door lock. Even a rotary device can be used as a router when the bits and proper accessories (such as a plastic router base) are embedded.
Video Router (woodworking)
History
Before any electrical routers, hand tool form is often used, especially by pattern makers and ladder makers.
The first handheld electric router was invented in 1915 and is a Jet Motor Hand Routers, called Onsruters. The name is derived from a combination of the inventor's last name "Onsrud" and the term "router". Onsruter combines a router plane with an endmill to create the first handheld power router. The idea for Onsruter started when the railroad company decided they wanted to turn on the headlights in Steam Locomotive using an exhaust from the engine. Oscar Onsrud and his son Rudy filed, design for an air turbine to generate power for the lamp, however, but did not win a contract. A few months later, Rudy Onsrud told a friend about his disappointment of making a groove at the bottom of the cane under the cane seat using a plane router. He suddenly realizes that he can reuse the air turbine to run in compressed air and turn the modified endmill to move the groove. Endmills modifications must rotate at 30,000 RPM instead of 3,000 RPM from a milling machine to cut wood without burning it. The bits also require a steeper rake and clearance angle than traditional endmills so they can evacuate chips. These new bits are known as router bits or router cutters (English).
Completion further resulted in a plunge router, created by ELU (now part of DeWalt) in Germany around 1949. It's even better adapted for many types of work.
Beginning in the 1960s, the power tool form of the router became a more common form.
Modern routers are often used instead of traditional printing machines or spindle rollers for wooden decoration.
Maps Router (woodworking)
Process
Routing is a high-speed process of cutting, cutting, and shaping wood, metal, plastics, and various other materials.
Chip formation
Routing and milling are conceptually the same, and the final factory can be used in routers, but wood routing is different from milling metal in terms of mechanics. The chip formation is different, so the geometry of the optimal tool is different. Routing is applied correctly to relatively weak and fragile materials, usually wood. Because these materials are weak in small parts, the router can run at very high speeds, so even a small router can cut off quickly. Due to this high-speed inertia, the normal cutting mechanism of Type I chips can not occur. The edge cutting angle is blunt, approaching 90 °, and the form of a Type III chip, with the waste material being produced as fine dust. This dust is a respiratory danger, even in a benign material. The power against the cutters is light, so the router can be hand-held.
When treating metal, the material is relatively brittle, although it remains strong even on a small scale. Type II chip shapes, and waste can be produced as a sustainable swarf. The cutting force is high, so the milling machine must be strong and rigid, usually a substantial cast iron construction.
Medium materials, such as plastics and sometimes soft aluminum, can be cut with one method, although aluminum is usually more of an improvisation of the production process, and is noisy and loud on the equipment.
Process characteristics
Routing is usually limited to soft metals (aluminum etc.) and non-rigid metals. Custom designed cutters are used for a variety of patterns, pieces, and edges. Both hand controlled and machine controlled/assisted routers are common these days.
Workpiece Geometry
Routing is a forming process that produces edges and finished shapes. Some hard materials formed by other processes, such as fiber-glass, Kevlar, and graphite, can be shaped and neatly resolved through various routing techniques. Apart from the finished tip and shape, cutaways, holes, and contours can also be formed using a router.
Tools and supplies
- These settings include either an air or an air router, a cutter often called a router bit , and a guide template. Also the router can be fixed to a table or connected to a controllable radial arm more easily. â € <â € <
- Generally there are three types of bits or cutting tools.
- grooved cutter (used for creeping and cutting)
- Profile cutter (used for shaping and cutting)
- Helical cutters (used on easily processed materials, for drilling, forming, trimming)
- Safety glasses and ear protection should be used at all times when using the router.
- Only trained adults, or supervised adolescents, should use a router.
Molding
The spindle router is positioned at the finer end of the work scale performed by spindle molding. It means cutting the grooves, the edges of the mold, and the gutter or the edge radius of a piece of wood. It is also possible to use it to cut multiple connections. The shape of the cut made is determined by the size and shape of the bit (cutter) stored in the collet and the depth by the depth adjustment of the single plate.
Various routers
There are various styles of routers, some are plunged, some are handled D, there are double knobs handled. Different manufacturers produce routers for different wood work, such as Plunge Routers, Fixed Base Wood Routers, Combo Routers, Variable Speed ​​Routers, Laminate Trimmer, CNC Wood Routers. Currently, the best quality routers have variable speed control and will have a plunge base that can also be locked in place so the router can also be used as a fixed base router. Some have soft-start features, which means they build up speed in stages. This feature is highly desirable for routers with large cutters. Holding 3 horse-power routers and turning it on without potentially dangerous soft-start, due to motor torque. Holding it with two hands is a must. For routers with switch on/off type toggle it is important to check to verify switch in off position, before plugging it. For security, larger router cutters can usually only be used on routers mounted in the router table, this makes the tool more versatile and stable.
The purpose of setting the double handle depends on the bit, the control is easier with different configurations. For example, when forming a good top edge table, many users prefer the D handle, with variable speed, as it seems to allow better control and wood burning to be minimized.
Routers have many uses. With the help of many jigs and various bits, they are able to produce bird tail shapes, mortises, and tenons, unlimited varietal prints, dados, rabbets/rebates, elevated door and frame panels, circle cuts, and more.
Features of the modern spindle router
This tool usually consists of a universal base electric motor that is mounted vertically with a collet on the end of the axis. The bits can be adjusted to allow for protrusi through the opening on a single flat plate, usually by adjusting the height of the motor mounting (the adjustment mechanism varies greatly among producers). The router control comes from a handle or button on each side of the device, or by a newer developed "D-handle".
There are two standard types of routers - plunging and repairing. When using a tiered router , the base pad is placed in front of the work with the cut bits raised above the job, then the motor is turned on and the cutter is lowered to work. With fixed-base routers , the cutting depth is set before the tool is turned on. The single plate is then rested flat on the workpiece that protrudes to the edge so that the cutter bit does not contact the work (and then enters the work from the side after the motor is turned on), or a single plate is placed at an angle slightly above the job and slightly "shaken" into the work after motor is turned on. In each case, the bit intersects the entrance, but the router plunges to do it in a smoother way, even though the bit used should be shaped so that it is boring into the wood when it is lowered.
Baseplate (single plate) is generally circular (though this, too, varies by individual model) and can be used in conjunction with a fence attached to the base, which then amplifies the router against the job edges, or through straight-marks pinning the whole job to get straight cuts. Other ways to guide the machine include a secure bushing template guide at the base around the router cutter, or a router cutter with a built-in guide pad. Both of these are executed with a straight or shaped template. Without this, the various wood reactions to the tool torque make it impossible to control with the precision normally required.
Router mounted on table
Routers can be mounted upside down on the router's desk or bench. The base plate of the router is attached to the bottom of the table, with a hole that allows bits to stand out above the top of the table. This allows the work to be passed through the router, rather than forwarding the router over the work. It has benefits when working with smaller objects and makes some router operations more secure to be executed. A table router may be equipped with fences, finger boards and other work-guiding accessories to make the operation safer and more accurate.
A simple router table consists of a rigid top with a router bolted or screwed directly to the bottom. More complex solutions can be developed to enable routers to be easily removed from the table and facilitate adjustment of router bit height using elevator mechanisms; there are a variety of commercially available systems.
In this mode, the router can perform a task similar to a spindle moulder. For smaller and lighter jobs, routers used in this way can be easier than the spindle moulder, with the task of setting up somewhat faster. There is also a wider bit profile available for routers, although the size is limited.
Table routers are usually oriented so that vertical router bits and tables where work is passed are horizontal. The variations on this include a horizontal table router, where the table remains horizontal but the router is mounted vertically on the table, so the router bits cut off the side. This is an alternative to edge operations, such as panel upgrades and slot cutting.
Cutters available
Router bits are present in hundreds of varieties to create a decorative effect or connection assistance. Generally, they are classified as high-speed steels (HSS) or leaded carbides, but some recent innovations such as solid carbide bits provide more variety for specific tasks.
Apart from materials made of, bits can be classified as bit bits or non-edge bits, and whether bits are designed to be anti-kickback . Edge bits have small wheel bearings to act as a fence against work in making edge molds. These bearings can be changed using commercially available pads. Changing the pads, in effect, changes the diameter of the cutting edge. This is especially important with bit rabbeting/rebating. Non-edge bits require the use of a fence, either on the router table or attached to a job or router. The anti-kickback bit uses an additional non-cutting bit material around the shoulder bit that serves to limit the feed-rate. This reduces the likelihood that the workpiece is pushed too deep into bits (which will result in significant bribes from the cutting edge unable to compensate).
Bits are also different from their calf diameter, with ½ inch, 12mm, 10mm, 3/8 inch, 8mm and Ã,¼ inch and 6mm shanks (ordered from the thickest to the thinnest) being the most common. Half an inch is more expensive, but more rigid, less prone to vibration (gives finer cuts) and tends to be less damaged than smaller sizes. Care must be taken to ensure the exact size of the shank bit and the collet router. Failure to do so may cause permanent damage to one or both and may cause dangerous situations of bits that come out of the collet during operation. Many routers are equipped with removable collets for popular shank sizes (in the United States Ã, ½-in and Ã,¼-in, in the United Kingdom Ã, ½-in, 8mm and Ã,¼-in, and metric measures in Europe - although in the United States 3/8 -in and 8mm sizes are often only available for additional costs).
Many modern routers allow the speed of rotation of varied bits. The slower rotation allows larger cutting diameter pieces to be used safely. Typical speeds range from 8,000 to 30,000 rpm.
The router bits can be created to match almost any imaginable profile. Special router bits can be ordered. They are very useful for home restoration projects, where original trim and molding production has been discontinued.
Sometimes complementary bits come in sets designed to facilitate the connections used in frame and panel construction. One bit is designed to cut clumps on rails and stile pieces while others form the edge of the panel to enter the forest.
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CNC Router
The wooden CNC router is a computer-controlled machine with a router or spindle installed. The CNC machine can be a moving gantry force, where the table is repaired and the router spindle moves on it, or a fixed bridge design, where the table moves below the router's axis, or hand-held style, where the operator moves the machine to the area to be cut and the machine control fine settings. The CAD/CAM software programming is used to model the parts that will be created on the computer and then create a tool path for the machine to follow to cut a section. CNC moves along three axes (X-Y-Z). Most CNC routers have three motor drive systems that use servo or stepper motors. The more advanced routers use four motor systems to increase speed and accuracy.
Similar tools
A device similar to a router, but designed to store smaller cutter bits - making it easier to handle for small jobs - is a laminate trimmer.
The related tool, called spindle moulder (UK) or shaper (North America), is used to hold larger cutting heads and can be used for deeper cuts or larger-diameter. Another related machine is the router pin, a static version larger than the hand power router but usually with a much stronger motor and other features like automatic template copying.
Some profile cutters use cutting heads that are reminiscent of spindle routers. This should not be confused with the profile cutter used for steel plates that use fire as a method of cutting.
See also
- Laminate trimmer
- Biscuit joiner
- End Mill
- Drill Bits
Note
References
- Broun, Jeremy (1989). The Incredible Router . Lewes, East Sussex: Guild of Master Craftsman Publications. ISBN: 0-946819-17-3.
- Hylton, Bill; Matlack, Fred (1993). Woodworking with Router . Pleasantville, NY: Reader's Digest Association. ISBN 0-7621-0227-6.
- Jesberger, Lee (2007). "These 'small' builders, are great assets for woodworking workers". ProWoodworkingTips.com.
- Spielman, Patrick (1993). The New Router Handbook . New York: Sterling Publishing Co. Inc. ISBNÃ, 0-8069-0518-2.
- Todd, Robert H.; Allen, Dell K.; Alting, Leo (1994). Manufacturing Process Reference Guide. Industrial Press Inc., New York.
External links
- Demo router woodworking
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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