Illumina, Inc. is an American company founded in April 1998 that develops, manufactures and markets integrated systems for the analysis of genetic variations and biological functions. The company provides product lines and services that serve the sequencing, genotyping and expression of genes and proteomics markets. Its headquarters are located in San Diego, California.
Illumina technology is said to in 2013 reduce the cost of sequencing the human genome to US $ 4,000 , down from the price of US $ 1 million in 2007. Customers include the genomics research center , pharmaceutical companies, academic institutions, clinical research organizations and biotechnology companies.
Video Illumina (company)
History
Illumina was founded in April 1998 by David Walt, Larry Bock, John Stuelpnagel, Anthony Czarnik, and Mark Chee. While working with CW Group, a venture capital firm, Bock and Stuelpnagel discovered what would BeadArray Illumina's technology at Tufts University and negotiated an exclusive license for that technology. In 1999 Illumina acquired Spyder Instruments (founded by Michal Lebl, Richard Houghten, and Jutta Eichler) for high throughput synthesis technology. Illumina completed its initial public offering in July 2000.
Illumina began offering genotyping single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) services in 2001 and launched its first system, Illumina BeadLab, in 2002, using GoldenGate Genotyping technology. Illumina currently offers microarray-based products and services for the expansion of a series of genetic analyzes, including SNP genotypes, gene expression, and protein analysis. Illumina technology is used by a wide range of academics, government, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and other leading institutions worldwide.
On January 26, 2007, the Company completed the acquisition of Solexa, Inc. Solexa was founded in June 1998 by Shankar Balasubramanian, and David Klenerman to develop and commercialize the genome sequencing technology created by the founders at Cambridge University. Solexa INC was formed in 2005 when Solexa Ltd. changed to Lynx Therapeutics of Hayward. Illumina also uses DNA sequencing technology of the colony, which was discovered in 1997 by Pascal Mayer and Laurent Farinelli and acquired by Solexa in 2004 from the company Manteia Predictive Medicine. It is used to perform various analyzes, including genome resequencing, gene expression analysis and small ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis.
In June 2009, Illumina announced the launch of their own Full Genome Personal Sequencing Service at a depth of 30X to $ 48,000 per genome, and a year later fell to $ 19,500. In May 2011, Illumina lowered the price to $ 4,000.
Until 2010 Illumina only sells instruments labeled "for research only"; in early 2010 Illumina obtained FDA approval for the BeadXpress system to be used in clinical trials. This was part of the company's strategy when opening its own CLIA lab and began offering clinical genetic testing itself.
Illumina acquired Epicenter Biotechnologies, based in Madison, Wisconsin, on January 11, 2011. On January 25, 2012, Hoffmann-La Roche made an unsolicited offer to buy Illumina for $ 44.50 per share or about $ 5.7 billion. Roche tries other tactics, including increasing his offer (to $ 51.00, about $ 6.8 billion). Illumina rejected the offer, and Roche canceled the offer in April.
In 2014, the company announced a multi-million dollar product, HiSeq X Ten, which is expected to provide sequencing of a large-scale genome for $ 1,000/genome. The company claims that forty such machines will be able to rank more genomes in a year than those produced by all other authors to date. In January 2014, Illumina already controlled 70 percent of the market for genome-sequencing machines. The Illumina machine accounts for more than 90 percent of all DNA data produced.
On July 5, 2016 Jay Flatley, who has been CEO since 1999, took over the role of executive chairman of the board of directors. Francis deSouza assumed the role of president and chief executive officer, and continued to serve on the board of directors of Illumina.
By the end of 2015, Illumina spins the Grail company, focusing on blood tests for cancerous tumors in the bloodstream. The company has a plan in 2017 to raise $ 1 billion in second round financing, and has received funding from Bill Gates and Jeff Bezos who invested $ 100 million in Serie A funding, and with Illumina maintaining a 20% holding in the Grail. The company works with blood tests with more than 120,000 women during a scheduled mammogram visit in the states of Minnesota and Wisconsin, as well as a partnership with the Mayo Clinic. The Grail Company uses Illumina sequencing technology for tests. The company plans to launch testing in 2019, at a cost of $ 500 per individual.
Maps Illumina (company)
Products
Ordering DNA
Illumina sells a number of high-throughput DNA sequencing systems, also known as DNA sequencers, based on the technology developed by Solexa. This technology has bridge reinforcement to produce clusters and terminators that can be changed for sequencing. The technology behind this sequencing system involves fragmenting DNA ligation into a chip, followed by the addition of primers and incorporation and the detection of energy-level DNTP fluorescent.
System Sequencing
MiniSeq: The MiniSeq system is a flexible benchtop sequencer that allows multiple sequencing applications of DNA and RNA - from examining single genes to entire paths - in one go. MiniSeq was introduced in 2016.
MiSeq: MiSeq Illumina System offers the ability to sequence small small genomes, sequence of amplicons, gene expression, small RNA analysis and 16th metagenomic sequencing in compact instruments. Using a high throughput kit, MiSeq can generate as many as 15 Gb of output from the 50 million ends of the paired readings (at 300 bp readout length). The system also features an intuitive touch-screen interface, plug-and-play reagent cartridges with RFID tracking, on-screen video tutorials and step-by-step guide throughout each sorting workflow. Illumina introduced MiSeq in 2011.
NextSeq : The NextSeq 500 system delivers high throughput performance on desktop instruments. When launched in 2014, the sequencing system contains 20 new innovations, including the design of new cell streams and surface chemistry and can sequence the entire human genome and up to 16 exist in one day. It's also flexible enough to switch to a lower sort order when needed.
HiSeq : Illumina launched the first HiSeq HiSeq 2000 system in 2010. There are currently 3 HiSeq, 2500, 3000 and 4000 models. All HiSeq sequencers feature intuitive touch screen controls, and accompanying software with guided step-by-step workflow instructions. In addition, real-time running statistics can be monitored locally or remotely. The HiSeq system utilizes an established sequencing method with synthesis (SBS) Illumina where fluorescently labeled nucleotide bases are detected when they are incorporated into DNA template strands. All four reversible-termed dNTP terminators are present in each sequencing cycle; This feature minimizes refraction bias and greatly reduces the crude error rate.
The HiSeq 2500 system is an Illumina sequence generator for high throughput applications such as small and large genomic sequencing, exome sequences, targeted sequencing, all transcripts, mRNA-seq and metagenomics shotgun. It has the capacity to generate 160 Gb of data per day (or 1 Tb per run) and the system can be configured to run 1 or 2 cell streams simultaneously. In high output mode, it can process up to 8 human genomes in 30x coverage with one genome sorted in 27 hours.
The Illumina HiSeq 3000 cell stream has a processing capacity of over 200 Gb per day or 750 Gb per run, with up to 2.5 billion single readings. In one instance he can sequence up to 6 whole human genomes (in 30x coverage), up to 48 exons and up to 50 transcripts, assuming 50 million readings per sample.
Illumina HiSeq 4000 uses dual flow cells capable of processing more than 400 Gb per day or 1.5 Tb per run, with up to 5 billion single readings. In one instance he can sort up to 12 whole human genomes (in 30x coverage), up to 96 exports and up to 100 transcripts, assuming 50 million readings per sample.
HiSeq X: The HiSeq X Ten Sorting System was launched in 2014 as the first high-throughput system designed to process 20,000 genomes per year at a cost of $ 1,000 each. With HiSeq X Ten, Illumina introduces a new optical technology that uses 2 dye systems: adenine and cytosine base are each represented by a single dye, no dye for the guanine base and both dyes for thymine. This allows Illumina to use a lower resolution camera with half the number of images. HiSeq X Ten also uses a new patterned flow cell with a larger cluster that uses nanowell and is bi-directional scanned, making optical scanning 6 times faster than HiSeq 2500. HiSeq X Ten was originally launched as a set of 10 instruments. In 2015, Illumina began offering a smaller version of the system, HiSeq X Five.
NovaSeq: Illumina launches NovaSeq Series in January 2017. There are two configurations of NovaSeq planned including NovaSeq 5000 and NovaSeq 6000, but 5000 was never launched and discontinued in October 2017. The NovaSeq 6000 plans to run the format different cell streams:
- S1 - will be released in early 2018
- S2 - generates about 1 Tb of data
- S3 - suspended in October 2017
- S4 - generates about 6 Tb of data in two and a half days.
Read length for this output is 2x150 base. This system is compatible with the Illumina library preparation kit and can support virtually all application sequencing - whole genome sequencing, all transcripts, entire exomes, metagenomics and more. Users can sort any species using any app.
Custom Ordering System
MiSeqDx: The MiSeqDx system is the first NGS platform FDA cleared for in vitro diagnostic testing (IVD).
MiSeq FGx: MiSeq FGx Forensic Genomics System is validated for forensic genomic applications.
Microarray Scanning System
NextSeq 550: The NextSeq 550 system offers sequencing and cytogenomic scanning on one instrument.
iScan: The iScan system supports high sample output and exceptional data quality.
Bioinformatics Platform
Illumina offers BaseSpace Sequence Hub, a cloud-enabled environment for sequencing data management and analysis, launched in 2011. The company also acquired NextBio Software translation platform in 2013, today available as a BaseSpace Correlation Engine and BaseSpace Cohort Analyzer. In 2015, Illumina acquired GenoLogics Life Sciences Software in 2015, a developer of laboratory information management systems (LIMS).
See also
References
External links
- The Illumina Company Website
- DNAVision - The official Illumina service provider.
- Gene Logic - conducts research based on Illumina's Golden gate assay
- The Full Sequencing Personal Genome Service from Illumina
- Genome Resources Sequencing Center (NCGR) National Center - Illumina Certified Service Provider.
- Genotypic Technology GENOMICS SIMPLIFIED - Illumina Certified Service Provider.
- Map of NGS Illumina Instruments in the United States.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments