Hairstyle , hairstyle , or haircut refers to the hairstyle, usually on the human scalp. Sometimes, this can also mean editing facial or body hair. Hairdressing can be considered an aspect of personal care, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also affect some hairstyles. The oldest depiction of braided hair dates back about 30,000 years. In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often complicated and carefully dressed in special ways. At Imperial Rome, women wear their hair in a complicated style. From the time of the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it grew naturally. During the Roman Empire as well as in the 16th century in the western world, the women began to wear their hair in a very ornate style. In the latter half of the 15th century and in the 16th century, a very high hairline on the forehead was considered attractive. During the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans wearing their hair cut no longer than shoulders. At the beginning of the 17th century male hairstyles grow longer, with waves or curls that are considered desirable.
The male wig was pioneered by King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643) in 1624. Perukes or periwigs for men were introduced to the English-speaking world with other French styles in 1660. At the end of the 17th century wigs were very long and bumpy, but became shorter in the mid-18th century, at that time they were usually white. Short hair for fashionable men is a product of the Neoclassical movement. At the beginning of the 19th century the male beard, and also the whiskers and sideburns, made a strong reappearance. From the 16th century to the 19th century, European women's hair became more visible while their hair coverings grew smaller. In the mid-18th century the pouf styles flourished. During the First World War, women around the world began to turn to shorter, more manageable, short hairstyles. In the early 1950s women's hair was generally curved and worn in various styles and lengths. In the 1960s, many women began to wear their hair in short modern pieces such as pixie pieces, while in the 1970s, hair tended to be longer and looser. In the 1960s and 1970s, many men and women whose hair is very long and straight. In the 1980s, women pulled back their hair with lashes. During the 1980s, punk hair style was adopted by many people.
Video Hairstyle
Prehistory and history
Over time, people have been wearing their hair in a variety of styles, largely determined by the cultural mode in which they live. Hairstyles are markers and markers of social class, age, marital status, racial identification, political beliefs, and attitudes about sex.
Some people may cover their hair totally or partially for cultural or religious reasons. The main examples of headscarves include women in Islam wearing headscarves, women married in Haredi Judaism wearing sheitel, marrying Himba men covering their hair except during mourning, Tuareg men wearing a veil, and baptized men and women in wearing Sikhism dastar.
Paleolithic
The oldest reproduction of braided hair lies about 30,000 years: Venus Willendorf, now known in the academic world as Woman of Willendorf, of the female figure of the Paleolithic, is estimated to be between about 28,000 and 25,000 BC. Venus of Brassempouy counted about 25,000 years and undisputed hairstyle shows.
Bronze Age
In Bronze Age razors it has been known and used by some men, but not every day because the procedure is rather unpleasant and requires a tool that reduces its durability.
Ancient history
In ancient civilizations, women's hair was often complicated and carefully dressed in special ways. Women color their hair, curl up, and embed it (pigtails) in various ways. They regulate their hair in waves and curls using wet soil, which they dry in the sun and then combed out, or by using jellies made of quince seeds soaked in water, or curly claws and curling kits of various kinds.
The Roman Empire and the Middle Ages
Between 27 BC and 102 AD, at Imperial Rome, the women wore their hair in a complicated style: a curl on top, or in a row of waves, pulled back into curls or braids. Finally the noble hair style grows so complicated that they need the daily attention of some slaves and hairdressers to keep them. Hair is often lightened with wood ash, lime and sodium bicarbonate, or darkened with copper powder, apple oak or leeches soaked in wine and vinegar. It is coupled with wigs, hairpieces and pads, and is held in place by nets, pins, combs and pomades. Under the Byzantine Empire, the noble women covered most of their hair with silk hats and pearl nets.
From the time of the Roman Empire to the Middle Ages, most women grew their hair as long as it grew naturally. It's usually slightly laid out by cutting, because a woman's hair is tied in her head and covered on most occasions when outdoors with a snood, a handkerchief or a veil; for an adult woman to wear open and loose hair on the street is often confined to prostitutes. Braiding and tying the hair is common. In the 16th century, women began wearing their hair in a very ornate style, often adorned with pearls, precious stones, ribbons, and veils. Women use a technique called "lacing" or "knock," in which a rope or ribbon is used to tie the hair around their head. During this period, most of the hair is braided and hidden under pimples, veils or couvrechefs. In the latter half of the 15th century and up to the 16th century, very high hairline on the forehead is considered attractive, and rich women often pull hair at their temples and under their necks, or use a hair-removing cream to remove it, if otherwise will be seen on the edge of their hair cover. Working class women in this period wear their hair in a simple style.
Early modern history
Male style
During the 15th and 16th centuries, Europeans wear their hair cut no longer than shoulders, with very fashionable men wearing bangs or fringes. In Italy it is common for men to color their hair. At the beginning of the 17th century male hairstyles grew longer, with waves or curls considered to be desirable by upper European men.
The male wig should have been pioneered by King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643) in 1624 when he began to experience baldness. This mode was largely promoted by his son and successor Louis XIV of France (1638-1715) contributing to his spreading in European and European countries. His beard has long gone down and now disappears among the upper classes.
Perukes or periwigs for men were introduced to the English-speaking world with another French style when Charles II was restored to the throne in 1660, after a long exile in France. This wig has a shoulder length or longer, mimicking the long hair that has become fashionable among men since the 1620s. Their use soon became popular in British courts. The London writer Samuel Pepys recorded a day in 1665 that a barber had shaved his head and that he tried on a new periwig for the first time, but within a year of the outbreak he was anxious about wearing it:
"September 3, 1665: Up and down, wearing my color silk suit, very nice, and my new periwig, bought a good while, but darst did not wear it because the plague was in Westminster when I bought it And it's a wonder what became fashionable after the outbreak was done for the periwigs, because no one would dare to buy hair for fear of infection? That it has cut off the heads of people who died from the plague. "
The late seventeenth-century wig was very long and wavy (see George I below), but became shorter in the mid-18th century, when they were usually white (George II). A very common style has a single stiff curl around the head at the end of the hair. At the end of the 18th century, natural hair is often powdered to get the impression of a short wig, tied into a small tail or "queue" behind (George III).
Short hair for fashionable men is a product of the Neoclassical movement. The classically inspired male hairstyle includes Bedford Crop, arguably the forerunner of most modern male styles, created by radical politician Francis Russell, the 5th Duke of Bedford in protest against taxes on hair powder; he encourages his friends to adopt it by betting that they will not do it. Another influential style (or style group) is named by the French "ÃÆ' la Titus" after Titus Junius Brutus (not in fact Roman Emperor Titus is often assumed), with short and plated hair but rather piled on the crown, often with quizzed or hanging keys; The familiar variant of Napoleon's hair and George IV of England. This style should have been introduced by actor FranÃÆ'§ois-Joseph Talma, who defeated his actors when appeared in the production of works such as Voltaire's Brutus (about Lucius Junius Brutus, who ordered the execution of his son Titus). In 1799 a Paris fashion magazine reported that bald men adopted Titus wigs, and this style was also worn by women, the journal Journal de Paris reported in 1802 that "more than half of elegant women wearing hair or wig ÃÆ' la Titus . "
In the early nineteenth century the male beard, and also the whiskers and sideburns, made a strong reappearance, associated with the Romantic movement, and all remained very common until the 1890s, after which young people stopped wearing it, with World War I , when the majority of men in many countries see military service, eventually sending a complete beard unless older men retain their youthful style, and that affect Bohemia's appearance. Short-lived military mustache remains popular.
Women's style
From the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries, European women's hair became more visible while their hair coverings grew smaller, with both becoming more complicated, and with hairstyles ranging including ornaments such as flowers, ostrich feathers, pearl ropes, gems, ribbon and small. objects made like replicas of ships and windmills. Hair bound is felt as a symbol of propriety: loosening a person's hair is considered rude and sexual, and sometimes felt to have a supernatural connotation. Red hair is popular, especially in Britain during the red-haired Elizabeth I period, and aristocratic women and men use borax, saltpeter, saffron and sulfur powder to dye their red hair, make themselves nauseous and give them headaches and nosebleeds. During this period in Spain and Latin culture, women wore a lace mantilla, often worn over a high comb, and in Buenos Aires, there was a fashion developed for a very large comb of hawksbill hair called peinetÃÆ'³n, which could measure up to three feet in height. and the width, and what historians say has reflected the growing French influence, not Spain, against the Argentinians.
In the mid-18th century pouf styles evolved, with women creating volume in the hairs on the front of the head, usually with a pad underneath to lift it higher, and adorned the back with shells, pearls or gemstones. In 1750, the women began dressing their hair with fragrant pomade and burning it in white. Just before World War I, some women began wearing silk turban in their hair.
Japanese
In the early 1870s, in the shift that Western historians claimed, the Japanese began cutting their hair into a style known as jangiri or zangiri (which roughly means "random planting"). During this period, Asian women still wear traditional hairstyles held with combs, pins and sticks made from turtles, metal, wood, and other materials, but in the mid-1880s, upper-class Japanese women began to push their hair in Western style (known as sokuhatsu), or adopt a westernized version of a traditional Japanese hairstyle (this is called yakaimaki, or literally, soirÃÆ'Â © e chignon).
Inter-war years
During the First World War, women around the world began to turn to shorter, more manageable, short hairstyles. In the 1920s, women began for the first time smoothing their hair, spots and cutting their hair, often covering it with a cloche cap that hugged a small head. In Korea, bob is called tanbal . Women begin to style their hair, creating deep waves inside using heated iron scissors. Durable permanent durability became popular also in this period: it was an expensive, uncomfortable and time-consuming process, in which the hair was put into the curler and put into steam or dry heat. During the 1930s women began to wear their hair a little longer, in pageboys, bobs or waves and curls.
During this period, Western men began to wear their hair in a way popularized by movie stars like Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Rudolph Valentino. Men wear short hair, and parted on either side or in the center, or combed straight back, and use pomade, creams and tonics to keep their hair in place. At the beginning of the Second World War and for some time afterward, male haircuts grew shorter, mimicking pieces of military crew.
During the 1920s and 1930s, Japanese women began wearing their hair in a style called mimi-kakushi (literally, "hiding ears"), in which hair was pulled back to cover the ears and tied up into the bread at the nape of the neck. Waving or curving hair is becoming increasingly popular for Japanese women during this period, and permanent waves, though controversial, are very popular. Long hair is also becoming more popular for Japanese women, especially among actresses and moga, or "haircut girls", young Japanese women who followed Westernized fashion and lifestyles in the 1920s.
Postwar years
After the war, women began to wear their hair in a softer and more natural style. In the early 1950s women's hair was generally curved and worn in various styles and lengths. In the 1950s, the high bouffant style and honeycomb, sometimes dubbed the B-52 because of its resemblance to the round nose of the B-52 Stratofortress bomber, became popular. During this period many women wash and tune their hair only once a week, and keep it in place with curlers every night and repeat it and pay it off every morning. In the 1960s, many women began to wear their hair in short modern pieces such as pixie pieces, while in the 1970s, hair tended to be longer and looser. In the 1960s and 1970s, many men and women whose hair is very long and straight. Women straighten their hair through the process of aligning chemicals, ironing their hair at home with clothes iron, or by rolling them with large, empty cans wet. African-American men and women start wearing their hair naturally (not processed) in large Afros, sometimes given Afro ornaments made of wood or plastic. In the late 1970s Afro was no longer favored by African Americans, and was replaced by other natural hairstyles such as corn and dreadlocks.
Contemporary hairstyle
Since the 1970s, women have been wearing their hair in quite natural styles. In the 1980s, women pulled back their hair with hair bands, stretchy pigtails made of cloth on bands. Women also often wear glittering ornaments today, as well as claw-style clasps used to tie pigtails and other uphill or partially uphill hairstyles. Today, women and men can choose from a variety of hairstyles, but they still hope to wear their hair in a way that conforms to gender norms: in most of the world, men with long hair and women whose hair does not appear carefully Well-maintained may face various forms of discrimination, including harassment, social discrimination or workplace discrimination. This is somewhat less true for African-American men, who wear their hair in various styles that overlap with African-American women, including braid boxes and cornrows tied with rubber bands and dreadlocks.
Maps Hairstyle
Specify factor
Aesthetic considerations of hairstyle can be determined by many factors, such as the subject's physical attributes and the desired self-image or artistic instinct of the stylist.
Physical factors include natural hair type and growth pattern, face shape and head from various angles, and overall body proportions; medical considerations also apply. Self-image can be directed to conform to mainstream values ​​(styles of military style or hairstyles "such as" Dido's sandals), identify with a special-looking subgroup (eg, punk hair), or obey religious orders (eg, Orthodox Jews have payon, Rastafari has Gimbal, North India or Sikh Kesh practice), although this is highly contextual and the "mainstream" view in one setting may be limited to "subgroups" in other countries.
Hairstyle is achieved by arranging hair in a certain way, sometimes using a comb, hair dryer, gel, or other products. The practice of hair styling is often called hairdo, especially when it is done as a job.
Hairdressers can also include adding accessories (such as headbands or hairpins) to the hair to hold them in place, enhance their decorative appearance, or cover partially or completely with a cover like kippa, hijab, tam or turban.
Process
Hair makeup may include chunks, weaving, coloring, extension, perm, relaxing permanently, curling, and other forms of structuring or texture.
Washing
Hairdressers often wash the subject's hair first, so the hair is cut while still slightly wet. Compared to dry hair, wet hair can be more manageable in cut/style situations because the addition of weight and surface tension causes the strands to stretch down and stick along the length of the hair, holding lines and allowing the stylist to create the form. It is important to note that this wet cutting method, probably best suited (or common) for straight hair types. Curly, frizzy, and other types of hair texture with considerable volume can benefit from cutting when dry, because the hair is in a more natural state and hair can be cut evenly.
Cut
Cutting hair or hair trimming is intended to create or maintain a particular shape and shape. There are ways to trim your own hair but usually someone else is required to do the process, because it is difficult to maintain symmetry when cutting hair on the back of a person's head. The extent can range from just trimming the uneven end of the hair to uniform lengths to completely shave the head.
When not completely shaved out, the overall shape of the hair is strongly influenced by hair length; Short hair naturally tends to stand more while longer hairs lie under gravity. Thus, the overall shape and the texture of the hairstyle is typically controlled by trimming it to a certain length.
Cutting hair is often done with hair scissors, scissors and razors. Comb and grip hair is often used to isolate the hair part which is then trimmed.
Although trimming improves hair appearance by removing broken or branched parts, it does not encourage faster growth or eliminates any damage throughout the hair.
Brushing and combing
Brushes and combs are used to regulate and decompose the hair, pushing all the strands to lie in the same direction and removing impurities such as fibers, dandruff, or hairs that have escaped from their follicles but are constantly attached to other hairs.
There are various kinds of detangling tools available in various price ranges. Combs come in various shapes and sizes and all sorts of materials including plastic, wood, and horns. Similarly, brushes are also available in various sizes and shapes, including various forms of paddles. Most benefit from using some form of wide tooth comb to loosen. Most doctors advise against sharing hair care equipment such as combs and clips, to prevent the spread of hair conditions such as dandruff and head lice.
The historical dictum for combing hair with a hundred strokes each day is rather old-fashioned, coming from a time when hair was washed less frequently; brush strokes will spread the natural oil of the scalp down the hair, creating a protective effect. Now, however, this does not apply when natural oils have been cleansed with frequent shampoo. Also, hair brushes are now usually made with stiff plastic feathers instead of natural pig hair that was once standard; Plastic hairs increase the likelihood of actually hurting the scalp and hair by brushing it too strong. However, traditional brushes with wild boar hair are still commonly used among African Americans and people with coarse or curly textures to soften and put curls and waves.
Drying
Hairdryers accelerate the process of drying hair by blowing air, which is usually heated, over the wet hair bar to accelerate the rate of evaporation of water.
Excessive heat can increase the rate of splitting or other damage to the hair. Diffusers Hair dryers can be used to widen the flow of air flow so that it is weaker but covers a larger area of ​​hair.
Hairdryers can also be used as a tool for hair scaling to a very small extent. Appropriate techniques involve aiming at the dryer in such a way that air does not blow on the face or scalp, which can cause burns.
Braiding and updos
Tight or often braiding can pull the hair roots and cause traction alopecia. Rubber bands with metal clips or tight clips, which deflect hair shaft at extreme angles, can have the same effect.
If the hair is pinned too tight, or the entire updo slip causes the hair to be pulled into the follicle in the hair root, it can cause aggravation of the hair follicles and cause headaches. Although some African-Americans may use extension braids (long-braided hairstyles) as a form of comfort and/or as a reflection of personal style, it is important not to keep the braids longer than necessary to avoid hair loss or hair loss. Proper braiding techniques and treatments can cause hair damage even with repetitive braids.
Curl and align
Curly hair and straightening require a hairdresser to use a curling or flat iron rod to get the desired look. These irons use heat to manipulate hair into various waves, curl and reverse natural curls and straighten hair temporarily. Smoothing or even curling the hair can damage it because of the direct heat from the iron and apply the chemicals afterwards to keep the shape. There is an iron that has a function to straighten or curl hair even when moist (from bathing or bedwetting), but this requires more heat than the average iron (temperatures can range from 300-450 degrees). Hot protection sprays and hair-repairing shampoos and conditioners can protect hair from damage caused by heat directly from the iron.
Industry
Hairdressers are the world's major industries, from the salon itself to the products, advertisements, and even magazines on this subject. In the United States, most hairdressers are licensed after being trained in beauty or beauty schools.
In recent years, competitive events for professional stewards are gaining in popularity. Stylists compete on deadlines to create the most elaborate hairstyles using props, lights, and other accessories.
Tools
Styling devices may include hair irons (including flat, curling, and crimping irons), hair dryers and hair rollers. Hair makeup can also include the use of hair products to add texture, luster, curl, volume or hold on to a particular style. Hair clip is also used when making certain hairstyles. Their use and designs vary across cultures.
Products
Styling products in addition to shampoo and conditioner are many and varied. Non-rinse conditioner, conditioning treatment, mousse, gel, lotion, wax, cream, clay, serum, oil, and spray are used to change the texture or hair shape, or to keep it in a certain style. Applied properly, most hair styling products will not damage the hair other than drying it; most of the hair styling products contain alcohol, which can dissolve the oil. Many hair products contain chemicals that can cause buildup, resulting in dull hair or perceived texture changes.
Wig
The treatment of human hair wigs or other natural hairs is similar to normal head hair care because the wig can be brushed, laid out, and kept clean by using hair care products.
Synthetic Wigs are usually made of fine fibers that resemble human hair. These fibers can be made in almost all colors and hairstyles, and are often more glossy than human hair. However, this fiber is sensitive to heat and can not be laid out with flat iron or hair curler. There are newer synthetic fibers that can heat up to a certain temperature.
Human hair wigs can be styled with heat, and they should be brushed only when dry. Synthetic hair wigs and humans should be brushed dry before shampooing to remove tangles. To clean the wigs, the wig should be immersed in a container with water and light shampoo, then immersed in clear water and moved up and down to remove excess water. The wig should then be dried naturally into its own hairstyle. Proper care can make human hair wigs last for years.
Decorative and decorative decorations
There are many options to beautify and regulate hair. Hair clips, tongs, hair clips, headbands, ribbons, rubber bands, hair bands, and combs can be used to achieve various styles. There are also many decorative ornaments that, while they may have clasps to affix them to the hair, are used solely for appearance and do not help keep hair in place. In India for example, Gajra (wreath) is common there is a pile on hairstyle.
Social and cultural implications
Gender
At most times in most cultures, men have been wearing their hair in different styles than women. American sociologist Rose Weitz once wrote that the broadest cultural rule about hair is that a woman's hair should be different from a man's hair. Exceptions are men and women living in the Orinoco-Amazon Basin, where traditionally both sexes have cut their hair into a bowl shape. In Western countries in the 1960s, both young men and young women wore their hair long and natural, and since then it has become more common for men to grow their hair. During most of the periods in human history when men and women wear the same hairstyle, as in the 1920s and 1960s, it has generated significant awareness and social consent.
Religion
Hair in religion also plays an important role because both women and men when deciding to dedicate their lives to fait should change their haircuts: Catholic nuns often cut their hair very short, and men who join the monastic order of Catholicism in the century eight adopt what is known as tone, which involves shaving the top of their head and leaving the hair ring around the bald crown. Many Buddhists, pilgrims of Hajj and Vaisnava, especially members of the Hare Krishna movement who are brahmacharis or sannyasis, shave their heads. Some Hindu and Buddhist monks and nuns shave their heads as they enter their order, and Korean Buddhist monks and nuns have shaved their heads every 15 days. Sikhists must wear their hair impeccably. Women usually wear it with braids or bread and men cover it with a turban.
Marital status
In the 1800s, American women began wearing their hair when they became ready to get married. Among the Fulani people in West Africa, unmarried women wear their hair adorned with small beads and yellow coins, while married women wear large amber ornaments. Marriage is marked among Toposa women in Southern Sudan by wearing hair with many small pigtails. Unmarried Hopi women traditionally wear "butterfly" hair styles characterized by twisting or curly hair on each side of the face.
Life transitions
In many cultures, including the Hindu culture and among the Wayana people in the Guyana highlands, young people have historically shaved their hair to show the adult age. Women in India have historically marked maturity by switching from wearing two braids into one. Among the northeastern Kenyan Rendille and Tchikrin people in the Brazilian rainforest, both men and women shave their heads after the death of a close family member. When a man dies in ancient Greece, his wife cuts his hair and buries it with him, and in a Hindu family, the head of mourning is expected to shave his head 3 days after death.
Social class
Throughout history, hair has become a marker of social class.
Upper people always use their hairstyles to signal their wealth and status. Rich Romanian women use elaborate hairstyles that require the labor of some to defend them, and rich people also often choose hairstyles that limit or weigh their movements, making it clear that they do not need to work. The hairstyles of the rich are usually on the cutting edge of fashion, setting the style for the less rich. But today, the rich are generally observed to wear their hair in a conservative style that dates back several decades before.
Middle-class hair styles tend to be understated and professional. Middle class people aspire to have their hair look healthy and natural, implying that they have the resources to live a healthy lifestyle and take care of themselves.
Historically, haircuts of working-class people tend to be practical and simple. Working class men often shave their hair or trim their hair, and working-class women usually pull their hair off their faces in a simple style. However, today, working class people often have more elaborate hairstyles and fashion-conscious styles than other social classes. Many working-class Mexican men in American cities wear their hair in a Mongolian-style (shaved except a bunch of hair at the nape of the neck) or a rat's tail (cropped on top, frayed at the back of the nape), and Africa- Americans often wear their hair in intricate braid and cornrows patterns, tied with clips and beads, and sometimes including shaved parts or bright colors. Sociologists say these styles are attempts to express individuality and presence in the face of social and transparent pollution.
Haircuts in space
Haircuts also occur in space on the International Space Station. During various expeditions, astronauts use hair clips attached to vacuum devices to treat their colleagues so that the cut hair will not float in the space station environment that is not weighted and becomes a nuisance for the astronauts or the danger to the installation of sensitive equipment inside station..
Cutting hair in space is also used for charity purposes in the case of Sunita Williams astronauts who obtained such haircuts by fellow astronaut Joan Higginbotham inside the International Space Station. Sunita's ponytail was brought back to earth with the STS-116 crew and donated to Locks of Love.
See also
- Asymmetric snippet
- Eponymous hairstyle
- Hair care
- Historical Christian Hairstyle
- List of hairstyles
- Ordinary haircuts
- Roman hairstyle
- Osadia, a theater group whose hairstyling is the art of and entertainment
References
External links
- Media related to Hair_fashion on Wikimedia Commons
- Media related to Hairstyles on Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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