The bad eye is a curse or legend believed to be thrown by evil gaze, usually given to someone when they are unaware. Many cultures believe that receiving evil points will cause misfortune or injury. Talisman created to protect against evil eye is also often called "evil eye".
The idea expressed by the term caused many different cultures to pursue protective actions against it. Concepts and significance vary across cultures, especially in West Asia. The idea appears several times in Jewish rabbinic literature. It is a widespread belief among many ethnic and Mediterranean and Asian cultures. Charms and decorations with eye-like symbols known as vows, used to ward off evil eyes, are common sights in Armenia, Albania, Algeria, Tunisia, Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, Palestine, Morocco, Spain south, Italy, Greece, the Levant, Afghanistan, Syria and Mexico, and has become a popular choice by tourists.
Video Evil eye
History
The belief in evil eyes comes from the Classical era. This is referred to by Hesiod, Callimachus, Plato, Diodorus Siculus, Theocritus, Plutarch, Heliodorus, Pliny the Elder, and Aulus Gellius. Peter Walcot's Envy and the Greek (1978) recorded over a hundred works by this and other authors who mention the evil eye.
Classic ancient
The classic writer tries to offer explanations for evil eyes. Scientific explanation Plutarch states that the eye is the head, if not the only, deadly source of light that should appear like a poisoned arrow from the inner niches of someone with evil eyes. Plutarch treats the phenomenon of the evil eye as something that seems unexplained which is the source of the miracle and cause of unbelief.
The belief in evil eyes during ancient times varied in different regions and periods. The evil eye was not feared with the same intensity in every corner of the Roman Empire. There are places where people feel more aware of the danger of evil eyes. In Roman times, not only people were considered to have evil eye power but the whole tribe, especially Pontus and Scythia, were believed to be evil eye transmitters. The phallic charm called fascium in Latin, from the verb fascinare , "to read the spell" (originally the English word "dazzle"), is used against the evil of the eye.
The spread in the evil eye belief in the Near East is believed by some to have been propagated by Alexander the Great's Empire, who spread this and other Greek ideas throughout his empire.
Maps Evil eye
Worldwide
Belief in the evil eye is the strongest in West Asia, Latin America, East and West Africa, Central America, Central Asia, and Europe, especially the Mediterranean region; it has also spread to areas, including northern Europe, particularly in the Celtic region, and America, where it was brought by European colonies and Western Asian immigrants.
The belief in the evil eye is found in Islamic doctrine, based on the Prophet Muhammad's statement, "The influence of the evil eye is the fact..." [Sahih Muslim, Book 26, Number 5427]. Authentic practices to ward off evil eyes are also commonly practiced by Muslims: rather than directly expressing appreciation, for example, the beauty of a child, it is customary to say Masha'Allah , that is, "God has willed it ", or ask God's blessing on an object or person to be admired. A number of beliefs about evil eyes are also found in popular religion, usually revolving around the use of amulets or amulets as a means of protection.
In the Aegean Region and other areas where brightly colored eyes are relatively rare, people with green eyes, and especially blue eyes, are thought to be giving a curse, intentionally or unintentionally. Thus, in Greece and Turkey the amulet against the evil eye takes the form of blue eyes, and in the paintings by John Phillip, below, we witnessed the cultural clashes experienced by a woman who suspected that the artist's gaze implied that she saw him with evil eyes.
Among those who do not take the evil eye literally, either by reason of the culture in which they are raised or because they do not believe, the phrase, "giving an evil eye" usually means only to glare at the person. in anger or disgust. This term has entered common usage in English. In broadcasting industry it refers when the presenter's signal to the interviewee or co-presenter to stop talking due to lack of time.
Protector of amulets and drugs
Attempts to counter the evil eye curse have resulted in a number of amulets in many cultures. As a class, they are called "apotropaic " (Greek for "prophylaxis"/????????????? or "patron", literally: "turn") amulets, meaning they turn away or restore danger.
Discs or balls, consisting of concentric blue and white circles (usually, from the inside out, dark blue, light blue, white, and dark blue) representing the evil eye are common apotropaic talismans in West Asia, found in Mediterranean patterned ships and at another place; in some form of folklore, the staring eye should bend the evil gaze back to the witch.
Known as vowel (Turkish: vaze boncu? U or nazarl? K ), this amulet is most often seen in Turkey, found in or in homes and vehicles or used as beads.
Blue or green eyes can also be found in some forms of hamsa hands, apotropaic hand-shaped talismans against evil eyes found in West Asia. The word hamsa, also spelled khamsa and hamesh, means "five" refers to the fingers. In Jewish culture, hamsa is called the Miriam Hand; in some Muslim cultures, Fatima's Hand. Though condemned as superstitious by Muslim doctrine, almost exclusively among Muslims in the Near East and the Mediterranean that confidence in envy appears to contain the destructive power or the talisman force of a vow to defend against them. For the followers of other religions in the region, vows are an interesting decor.
Various motives to ward off evil eyes are usually woven into tribal kiln rugs. Such motives include the cross (Turkish: HaÃÆ'§) to divide the evil eye into four, a hook (Turkish: ÃÆ'â € ¨cel) to destroy the evil eye, or the human eye (Turkey: GÃÆ'¶z) to avoid the evil gaze.. The form of luck talisman (Turkish: Muska, often, triangular packages containing the scriptures) is often woven into kilim for the same reason.
In Islam
The evil eye, Isabat al-'ayn, is a common belief that individuals have the power to see people, animals, or things to make them hurt. It is a tradition among many Muslims that if praise should be made one should say "Tabarakallah" ( Assyri
The Assyrians also strongly believe in the evil eye. They will usually wear blue beads/turquoise around the necklace to be protected from evil eyes. Also, they may pinch the butt, comparable to the Armenians. It is said that people with green or blue eyes are more susceptible to the effects of evil eyes. A simple and instantaneous way of protection in European Christian countries is to cross the cross with your hands and point two fingers, index and middle fingers, toward the expected source of influence or victim as described in the first chapter. novel Bram Stoker Dracula published in 1897:
When we started, the people around the inn doors, which now swelled to a size large enough, all made the sign of the cross and pointed two fingers at me. With difficulty, I get a passenger to tell me what they mean. He will not answer at first, but on learning that I am English, he explains that it is a charm or guard against evil eyes.
In Judaism
Evil eyes are mentioned several times in the classical Pirkei Avot (Our Father's Ethic) . In Chapter II, five disciples of Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakai gave advice on how to follow a good path in life and avoid bad ones. Rabbi Eliezer says the evil eye is worse than a bad friend, a bad neighbor, or an evil heart. Judaism believes that "good eyes" show goodwill and kindness toward others. A person who has an attitude in this life will rejoice when his fellow human beings prosper; he will wish everyone good. "Evil eye" shows the opposite attitude. A man with an "evil eye" will not only feel the joy but experience real difficulty when others succeed, and will rejoice when others suffer. Someone of this character represents a great danger to our moral purity. Many shrewd Jews avoided talking about the precious possessions they had, good luck to have come to them and, in particular, their children. If one is mentioned, the speaker and/or listener will say "b'li ayin hara" (Hebrew), meaning "without evil eye", or "kein eina hara" (Yiddish: often shortened to "kennahara"), "no evil eye". Another way to ward off evil eyes is to spit three times (or pretend). Rome calls this habit "despuere malum," to spit on evil. It has also suggested the 10th commandment: "do not covet anything that belongs to your neighbor" is a law that forbids the wicked to look at others.
Turkish
A typical nazar is made of handmade glass that features concentric circles or teardrops in dark blue, white, light blue, and black, sometimes with yellow/gold edges.
As a legacy of the Turkish Ottoman Empire, it is a common sight in Turkey, Romania, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Greece, Cyprus, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt, Armenia, Iran, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iraq and Azerbaijan where the vows are often hanged in homes, offices, cars, children's clothing, or put into jewelry and ornaments. They are a popular choice of souvenirs with tourists.
Ethiopia
Belief in evil eyes, or buda (var, bouda ), is widespread in Ethiopia. Buda is generally believed to be a force held and held by people in different social groups, for example among metal workers. Some Ethiopian Christians carry an amulet or amulet, known as the book, or will call on the name of God, to counteract the bad effects of it. A debtera, who is an ordained minister or an educated layman, will create this talisman or talisman.
Pakistan
In Pakistan, the evil eye is called Nazar (???). One can usually read the last three parts of the Qur'an, namely Sura Ikhlas, Sura Al-Falaq and Sura Al-Nas. "Masha'Allah" (Arabic word "> Arabic"> ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? it is said to ward off evil eyes. Understanding the evil eye varies by education level. Some people consider the use of black is useful in protecting from evil eyes. Others use "taawiz" to ward off evil eyes. Truck owners and other public transport vehicles can usually be seen using a small black cloth on the bumper to prevent the evil eye.
Greek
Evil eye, known as ???? ( dead ), "eye", as an apotropaic visual device, is known to have been a fixture in Greece dating back to at least the 6th century BC, when it usually appears on a drinking vessel. In Greece, the evil eye is thrown through the xematiasma ( ?????????? ), where " the physician "secretly recites a secret prayer passed from relatives older than the opposite sex, usually grandparents. Such prayer is expressed only under certain circumstances, according to their custom, those who express it indiscriminately lose their ability to ward off evil eyes. There are several regional versions of the prayer in question, which is common: "Holy Virgin, Virgin Mary, if [enter the name of the victim] suffers from evil eye, remove her from her." Evil is repeated three times. According to the custom, if a person really suffers from evil eyes, both the victim and the "healer" then start to vaporize profusely. The "physician" then performs the cross three times, and emits a spit-like sound in the air three times. A very similar ritual can be found in neighboring Bulgaria.
Another "test" used to check whether the evil eye is thrown is oil: under normal conditions, olive oil floats in water, because it is denser than water. The oil test is done by placing one drop of olive oil in a glass of water, usually holy water. If the drop floats, the tests conclude no evil eye is involved. If the drop sinks, then it is confirmed that the evil eye is indeed true. Another form of this test is to place two drops of olive oil into a glass of water. If the drops remain separate, the tests conclude no evil eye, but if they join, there is. There is also a third form in which on a plate full of water "healers" put three or nine drops of oil. If the oil drops to become bigger and eventually dissolves in water then there are evil eyes. If the drip remains separate from the water in the form of a small circle does not exist. The first drop is the most important and the amount of water-soluble drops indicates the power of the evil eye.
There is another form of "test" in which the "healer" prepares a few cloves by stabbing each with a pin. Then he lighted the candle and picked up the cloves that were pinned with scissors. He then uses it to perform the cross over the suffering person while the suffering is asked to think of someone who may have given him an evil eye. Then the physician holds the clove over the fire. If the cloves are burning silently, no evil eye is present; However, if the clove explodes or burns noisily, it means the person in the mind of the person suffering is the one who has cast evil eyes. When the cloves explode, the evil eye is released from the suffering person. The cloves were burned with some noise considered ????? - words - someone's a dirty mouth that you have to be careful. The burned cloves were quenched into a glass of water and then buried in the garden along with the pins as they were considered contaminated. The Greeks will also deflect the evil eye by saying ???? ?? ?? ?? ???????! which translates to "I spit so I will not give you evil eyes." Contrary to popular belief, evil eyes should not be given by someone you want to hurt, but it comes from admiration. Because it is technically possible to give yourself an evil eye, it is advisable to be humble.
The Greek Fathers accepted the traditional belief in the evil eye, but attributed it to Satan and jealousy. In Greek theology, evil eyes or vaskania ( ???????? ) is considered harmful to an envious person the heart inflicts it on others and also for the sufferer. The Greek Church has an ancient prayer against the vaskania of Megan Hieron Synekdemon ( ??????????????? ???? ) the prayer book.
Italy
The cornicello, the "little horn", also called cornetto ("small horn", plural cornetti), is a soft long horn amulet. Cornicelli is usually carved from red corals or made of gold or silver. The type of horn they are meant to imitate is not a curved sheep's horn or a goat's horn, but more like a horned horn of an African eagle or a chili.
One idea that harsh suggestions made by sexual symbols distract the wizard from the mental effort required to successfully persecute the curse. The other is that because the effect of the eye is to drain the liquid, the drying of the phallus (which results in male impotence) will be avoided by seeking refuge in the damp female genitals. Among the ancient Romans and their cultural descendants in Mediterranean countries, those who are not fortified with phallic charm should use sexual movements to avoid the eyes. Such attitudes include the motion of mano cornuta and the figs; fist with thumb pressed between the index and middle finger, representing the phallus inside the vagina. Besides the phallic charms, the statues of the hands in this movement, or covered with magical symbols, were carried by the Romans as a talisman. In Latin America, fist engraving with thumbs pressed between the index finger and middle finger continues to be brought as a lucky charm.
The evil eye user, the Spanish and Latin America
The evil eye or 'Mal de Ojo' has been firmly entrenched in Spanish popular culture throughout its history and Spain is the origin of this superstition in Latin America.
In Mexico and Central America, babies are considered at special risk for evil eyes (see mal de ojo , above) and are often given amulet bracelets for protection, usually with eye-like places painted on a talisman. Other preventive measures allow admirers to touch babies or children; in the same way, people who wear clothing that can cause jealousy may suggest to others that they touch it or another way to get rid of envy.
One traditional medicine in rural Mexico involves a curandero (traditional healer) who sweeps raw chicken eggs into the victim's body to absorb the power of people with evil eyes. The egg is then broken into a glass with water and placed under the patient's bed near the head. Sometimes it is checked immediately because the eggs appear as if they have been cooked. When this happens it means that the patient does have Mal De Ojo. Somehow Mal De Ojo was moved to the egg and the patient soon recovered. (Fever, pain and diarrhea, nausea/vomiting disappears instantly) In traditional Hispanic cultures in the Southwest United States and parts of Mexico, eggs can be passed to patients in cross-shaped patterns throughout the body while reading Our Lord's Prayer . Eggs are also placed in a glass with water, under the bed and near the head, sometimes checked immediately or in the morning and if the eggs look like it has been cooked then it means that they do have Mal de Ojo and the patient will start feeling better. Sometimes if the patient starts to get sick and someone knows that they have been staring at the patient, usually a child, if the person staring goes to the child and touches them, the child's illness disappears immediately so that the energy of Mal De Ojo is released.
In some parts of South America, the ojear action, which can be translated as giving a bad eye , is an accidental action. Someone may ojear babies, animals and inanimate objects just by staring and admiring them. It can produce diseases, discomfort or possible deaths in infants or animals and the failure of inanimate objects such as cars or homes. It is a common belief that since this is an unintentional act committed by people with heavy gaze, the proper means of protection is to attach a red ribbon to an animal, baby or object, to draw gazing to the ribbon rather than to objects that are intended to be protected.
Brazil
The Brazilians will generally associate the mal-olhado , mau-olhado ("act badly") or olho gordo ("fat eye" ie "greedy eyes") with envy or jealousy at domestic crops and gardens (that, after months or years of health and beauty, will suddenly weaken, wither and die, with no obvious signs of pests, after a friend's visit certain or relative), attractive hair and less frequent economic or romantic success and family harmony.
Unlike in most cultures the mal-olhado does not seem to be a risk to young infants. "Unbelievers" or unbaptized children are perceived to be at risk from bruxas (wizards), who have their own malicious intentions rather than just mal-olhado . This may reflect the Galisian folklore of Portuguese or Portuguese masters (magicians), because the Brazilian Colonials were mainly populated by the Portuguese, in greater numbers than all Europeans to complete the pre-independence of the United States. Those
However, older children, especially boys, who fulfill cultural ideals behave very well (for example, have no problem whatsoever in eating well a wide variety of foods, being obedient and respectful of adults, well, polite, diligent, and demonstrating not bad blood with other children or their siblings) who unexpectedly turn into troubled teenagers or adults (eg not having good health habits, extreme laziness or lack of motivation towards their purpose in life, having eating disorder, or prone to delinquency), is said to have become a victim of mal-olhado originating from the parents of children whose behavior is not so impressive.
Protective amulets against mal-olhado tend to be generally resistant, a little for toxic and dark plants are strong in certain places and strategically from the park or into the house. That includes the comigo-ninguÃÆ' Â © m-pode ("against-me-nothing-cans"), Dieffenbachia (fools), espada-de -sÃÆ' Â £ o-jorge ("St George's sword"), Sansevieria trifasciata (snake plant or mother tongue-in-law) and guinÃÆ'Â © ("Guinea"), among other names, Petitiia alliacea (guinea henweed). For those who lack space or want to "clean up" certain places, they can all be planted together in one sete ervas ("the lucky seven pot [herbs]", which will also include arruda (public road), pimenteira (Capsicum annuum), manjericÃÆ' Â £ o (basil) and alecrim (rosemary). ( Although the last four can not be used for their general culinary purposes by humans.) Other popular amulets against evil eyes include: the use of a mirror, outside your front door, or inside your house facing your front door, an elephant statue with its back to front door, and rough salt, placed in certain places in the house.
Mexico
Maljo often occurs without the dimensions of jealousy, but as far as envy is part of ono, it is a variant of a sense of basic insecurity and a relative vulnerability to strong and unfriendly forces in the environment. In his study of medical attitudes in the Santa Clara Valley of California, Margaret Clark came to basically the same conclusion: "Among the Spanish-speaking people from Sal the Puedes, the patient is considered a passive and innocent victim of evil forces in his book. -the power of this might be a witch, an evil spirit, a consequence of poverty, or an evil bacterium that attacks his body.the scapegoat is probably a social worker who unwittingly 'throws away evil eyes'... the concept of Mexican folk disease is partly based on the idea that people can be victimized by careless or evil behavior of others ".
Another aspect of the mal ojo syndrome in Ixtepeji is the disruption of cold hot equilibrium in the victim. According to popular belief, the adverse effects of attacks from the "hot" forces of the aggressor enter the child's body and throw it out of balance. Currier has shown how Mexico's cold hot system is a social model of unconscious social relationships in which social anxiety is projected. According to Currier, "the nature of the Mexican peasant society is such that each individual must continually strive to strike a balance between two opposing social forces: the tendency of intimacy and which leads to the withdrawal. [It is therefore proposed] that the individual's continuing preoccupation with achieving a balance between 'heat 'and' cold 'is a way of reviving, symbolically, a fundamental activity in social relations. "
India
In the northern states of India, such as Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Haryana, Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh, the evil eye is called "Drishti" (meaning gaze or vision) or more commonly as Buri Nazar . Charm bracelets, tattoos or other objects (Nazar battu), or slogans (Chashme Baddoor (slogan)), can be used to ward off evil eyes. Some truck owners have written a slogan to ward off evil eyes: "wale burial hunt tera muh kala" ("O evil eye, may your face be black").
Generally in India, if it passes time to historical myths, newborns and babies will have their eyes decorated with kajal, or eyeliner. It will be black, as it is believed in India that the black ward of the evil eye or any evil aura of any kind. In Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, people call it 'Disti' or 'Drusti'. To remove Disti people following several methods based on their culture/area. Goods used to remove Disti either Rock salt or Red chili or oily fabric. Taking one of these items, people take out Disti by rotating their hands with one of the above items around the person affected by Disti and they will burn the item.
United States
In 1946, American witch Henri Gamache published a text called Terror from Evil Eye Exposed! (later reprinted as Crime Protection ), which offers guidance on self-defense against the evil eye.
Media and press coverage
In some cultures too praised it is said to condemn. So is envy. Since ancient times these maledictions are collectively called evil eyes. According to the book The Evil Eye by folklorist Alan Dundes, the premise of belief is that one can cause harm simply by looking at people or property of others. However, protection is easy to obtain with a wearable, carrying, or hanged at home charm, most often incorporating the contours of the human eye. In Aegean countries, people with bright-colored eyes are considered very strong, and talismans in Greece and Turkey are usually blue balls. Indians and Jews use talismans with palms forward with eyes in the middle; The Italians use a horn, a phallic form intended to distract the castor's spell.
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Source of the article : Wikipedia
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