The Shaolin Monastery (Chinese: ??? ; pinyin: ShÃÆ' olÃÆ'n sÃÆ'¬ ), also known as Shaolin Temple , is the Chan Buddhist temple ("Zen") in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, China. Dating back 1,500 years when founded by Fang Lu-Hao, Shaolin Temple is the main temple of Shaolin Buddhism school to this day.
Shaolin Monastery and Pagoda Forest which was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010 as part of the "Dengfeng Historic Monument".
Video Shaolin Monastery
History
Establishment
His name refers to the forest of Shaoshi ( ?? ; Sh? O ShÃÆ'¬ ) mountain, one of Song's seven mountain peaks. The first Shaolin Monastery Monastery was Batuo (also called Buddhabhadra), a lak teacher who came to China from India or from a Buddhist Central Asia in 464 AD to spread Buddhism.
According to the Advanced Biography of the Priory <6 years) by Daoxuan, Shaolin Monastery was built on the northern side of Shaoshi, the middle peak of Mount Song, one of the Holy Mountains of China, by Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei dynasty at 477 AD, to accommodate the Indian masters in addition to the capital city of Luoyang. Yang Xuanzhi, in the Buddhist Temple of Luoyang (547 AD), and Li Xian, in Ming Yitongzhi (1461), agree with the location and attribution of Daoxuan. The Jiaqing Chongxiu Yitongzhi (1843) determined that this monastery, located in Henan province, was built in the 20th century of Taihe era from the Northern Wei dynasty, which, the monastery was built in 495 AD. As the center of Chan Buddhism, the Shaolin Temple attracted much of the emperor's attention in Chinese history. During the Tang Dynasty in 618-907 AD Emperor Wu Zetian (AD 625-705) paid several visits to the Shaolin Temple which discussed Chan's philosophy with the tall monk Tan Zong; founder of the Yuan dynasty, Kublai Khan (AD 1215-1294) ordered all Buddhist temples in China to be led by the Shaolin Temple; there were eight princes during the Ming dynasty transforming themselves into Shaolin monks.
Traditionally Bodhidharma is credited as the founder of martial arts in the Shaolin Temple. However, martial arts historians have pointed out this legend comes from the 17th century qigong guide known as Yijin Jing.
The authenticity of Yi Jin Jing has been discredited by some historians including Tang Hao, Xu Zhen and Ryuchi Matsuda. This argument is summarized by the modern historian Lin Boyuan in his book Zhongguo wushu shi :
As for "Jin Jin Jing" (Muscle Change Classic), a fake text linked to Bodhidharma and belonging to the legend of his martial arts in the temple, was written in the Ming dynasty, in 1624, by the Daoist minister Zining of Mt. Tiantai, and wrongly attributed to Bodhidharma. Forged prefaces, associated with general Tang Li Jing and South Niu Gao's General Song were written. They say that, after Bodhidharma faced a wall for nine years at Shaolin temple, he left a crate; when the monks opened this chest they found two books "Xi Sui Jing" (Marrow Washing Classic) and "Yi Jin Jing" in it. The first book was taken by his disciple Huike, and disappeared; for the second, "the bhikkhus selfishly crave it, practice the skill in it, fall into heterodox ways, and lose the true purpose to cultivate the Real.shaolin monks have made some fame for themselves through their fighting skills; this is all due to get this manuscript ". Based on this, Bodhidharma is claimed to be the ancestor of Shaolin martial arts. The text is full of errors, absurdities and fantastic claims; it can not be considered a legitimate source.
The oldest available copy was published in 1827. The composition of the text itself has been dated to 1624. Even then, Bodhidharma's association with martial arts only became widespread as a result of the 1904-1907 serialization of the novel The Lao Ts'an Journey in the Science Fiction Magazine :
One of Shaolin's most recently discovered and known historical narratives is the story that claims that the Indian monk Bodhidharma, who is considered the founder of Chinese Chan Buddhism (Zen), introduced boxing into the monastery as a form of practice around a.d. 525. This story first appeared in a popular novel, The Travels of Lao T'san, published as a series in a literary magazine in 1907. This story was quickly taken by others and spread by quickly through publications in popular contemporary boxing manuals, Shaolin Boxing Method Secrets, and the first Chinese physical cultural history published in 1919. As a result, it has enjoyed an extensive verbal circulation and is one of the most "sacred" of the narratives that are shared in Chinese and martial arts originating from China. That this story is definitely a twentieth-century invention confirmed by writings that came back at least 250 years earlier, which mentions both Bodhidharma and martial arts but makes no connection between the two.
Another scholar saw the previous relationship between Da Mo and Shaolin Monastery. Scholars have generally accepted the historicity of Da Mo (Bodhidharma) who arrived in China from his Indian state around 480. Da Mo (Bodhidharma) and his disciples are said to have lived somewhere about a mile from the Shaolin Temple which is now a small monastery. In the 6th century, around the year 547, The Record of the Buddhist Monasteries said Da Mo visited the area near Mount Song. In 645 Continuation of Biography The Priory Superior describes him as active in the area of ​​Mount Song. Around 710 Da Mo is identified specifically with the Shaolin Temple (Transmission Record of Dharma or Chuanfa Baoji) and writes about his sitting facing the inner wall of meditation for many years. It also talks about Huikes many trials in his attempts to receive instructions from Da Mo. In the 11th century, a work (1004) adorns the legend of Da Mo in great detail. Inscription inscription in Shaolin Monastery dated 728 reveals Da Mo who lived in Mount Song. Another inscription in 798 speaks of Huike seeking instructions from Da Mo. Another 1209 engraving depicts a saint with bare feet holding a shoe according to the ancient legend of Da Mo. The number of 13 and 14 century stupas features Da Mo in various roles. One of the drawings of the 13th century shows him riding a fragile stalk on the Yangtze River. In 1125 a special temple was built in his honor at Shaolin Monastery.
Destruction and renovation
The monastery has been destroyed and rebuilt many times. During the Red Turban Rebellion in the 14th century, bandits ransacked a convent for real or alleged valuables, destroying many temples and banishing the monks. The abbey may be abandoned from 1351 or 1356 (the most probable date for the attack) to at least 1359, when government troops recapture Henan. Events of this period would later become great figures in the 16th century legend of the patron saint of Vajrapani's temple, with stories altered to claim victory for monks rather than defeat.
In 1641, rebel forces led by Li Zicheng sacked the monastery due to the support of the monks of the Ming dynasty and the possible threat they posed to the rebels. It effectively destroys the temple's combat power. The temple collapsed and became home to only a few monks until the early 18th century, when the Qing Dynasty government degraded and restored the temple.
Perhaps the most famous account of the destruction of the Temple is that the temple was destroyed by the Qing government because it was considered anti-Qing activity. Variously said to have taken place in 1647 under Emperor Shunzhi, in 1674, 1677, or 1714 under Emperor Kangxi, or in 1728 or 1732 under Emperor Yongzheng, this destruction should also have helped spread Shaolin martial arts through China by means of five monk's fugitive. Some accounts claim that the southern Shaolin Temple should be destroyed not, or in addition, the temple in Henan: Ju Ke, in Qing bai lei chao (1917), locates this temple in Fujian province.. These stories usually appear on legendary accounts or popular martial arts histories, and in fictional wuxia .
While these latter accounts are popular among martial artists, and often serve as origin stories for different styles of martial arts, they are viewed by experts as fictitious. These accounts are known through the history of the often-inconsistent 19th-century secret societies and popular literature, and also appear to attract Fujian folklore and popular narratives such as the classic Water Margin novel. Modern academic attention to fairy tales mainly relates to their role as folklore.
Recent history
There is evidence of Shaolin martial arts being exported to Japan since the 18th century. Martial arts like Okinawan Sh? Rin-ry? (???) The Karate style, for example, has a name meaning "Shaolin School" and Japanese Shorinji Kempo (?????) translated as "Shaolin Temple Boxing Method". Other similarities can be seen in the centuries-old manual of Chinese martial arts and Japanese martial arts.
In 1928, warlord Shi Yousan burned the monastery, burning it for more than 40 days, destroyed most of the buildings, including many temple library manuscripts.
The Cultural Revolution launched in 1966 targeted religious orders including monasteries. The five monks who were present at the monastery when the Red Guards were attacked were handcuffed and made wearing placards stating the crimes alleged against them. The monks were imprisoned after being publicly whipped and paraded on the street as people threw trash at them. The government cleans Buddhist materials from within the walls of the monastery, keeping them barren for years.
Martial arts groups from around the world have contributed to the maintenance of temples and yards, and were later honored with carved stones near the entrance of the temple.
According to legend, Emperor Taizong gave the addition of Shaolin Temple land and "imperial dispensation" specifically to consume meat and alcohol during the Tang dynasty. If so, this will make Shaolin the only temple in China that does not ban alcohol. Regardless of historical truth, this ritual is not practiced today. This legend is not corroborated in any document period, such as Shaolin Stele which was established in 728. This inscription does not include such imperial dispensations in exchange for the help of monks during the campaign against Wang Shichong, only the land and water mills were given..
In the past, many have tried to capitalize on Shaolin Monastic fame by building their own school on Mount Song. However, the Chinese government finally banned this; schools were moved to nearby towns. A dharma meeting was held from 19 August to 20 August 1999, at Shaolin Monastery to assume Shi Yongxin as the abbot. In March 2006, Russian President Vladimir Putin became the first foreign leader to visit the monastery. In 2007, the Chinese government lifted Jieba's 300-year ban, an ancient ceremony of nine marks burned to the head with incense. The ban is lifted only for those who are mentally and physically ready to participate in the tradition.
Two modern bathrooms were recently added to the temple for use by monks and tourists. The new bathroom reportedly cost three million yuan to build. Movies have also been released such as Shaolin Temple and recently, Shaolin starring Andy Lau.
In 1994, the temple registered its name as a trademark. In the late 2000s, Shi Yongxin began to authorize the Shaolin branches outside of mainland China in what is called a franchise scheme. Its branches are run by the current and former monks and allow the spread of Shaolin culture and study of Shaolin kungfu around the world. In January 2011, Yongxin and the temple operate more than 40 companies in cities around the world, including London and Berlin, which have bought land and property.
Maps Shaolin Monastery
Shaolin temple building
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments