Michigan has about 242 rivers (rivers and streams) with a combined length of 36,350 miles (58,500 km) and about 11,000 lakes and ponds. Michigan is bordered by four of the five Great Lakes and Great Lakes Compact signatories. Michigan Environmental Quality Department is responsible for Michigan water resources management.
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The country is divided into 12 geologic provinces based on geology, aquifer attribute level and water quality. The aquifer bedrock provides drinking water in five provinces. The aquifer-glacial aquifer provides drinking water in three provinces. Four provinces have problems with low water quantity or quality.
Water surface
Runoff from rain and melting snow provides water for rivers and creeks. The water then flows into the Great Lakes.
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Water usage
Commercial The Great Lakes are used to send iron ore, coal, limestone, and cement to and/or from ports in Michigan.
Energy generation is a great water user. From damming the river to generate electricity, to cooling power plants, to the Ludington Pumped Storage Power Plant.
Irrigation and industrial use also take into account the use of water.
Bottled water like NestlÃÆ' Â © Ice Mountain is extracted and packed in Michigan.
Municipal
The municipal water system draws water from the surface waters of the Great Lakes and groundwater aquifers.
Recreation
Michigan has nearly 1,200 public and private beaches on lakes and rivers.
The Michigan Department of Natural Resources operates six fish hatcheries and game fish stocks in many lakes and rivers.
The country has more than 1,300 boating access sites and more than 80 ports and marinas operated by various government entities.
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Protected area
Michigan has all rivers and lakes that are not surrounded by sole owners. It has rules governing the placement of structures and remedial actions such as chemical treatments to remove plants.
Michigan adalah rumah bagi tiga habitat wetland National Wildlife Refuges: Seney, Shiawassee, Detroit River International.
Michigan has 16 Wild and Beautiful Federal Rivers as well as 16 River Natural Countries. Three rivers are on both lists: Au Sable, Pere Marquette, Pine.
Wetlands, commonly known as swamps, swamps, or swamps, are protected. Michigan needs permission to disrupt wetlands and require mitigation if wetlands will be destroyed. Mitigation requires the creation of new wetlands 1.5 times or more of the size of the destroyed wetlands depending on the importance of wetlands.
Michigan has 13 Underwater Preserves to protect shipwrecks and natural features.
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Flora and fauna
Endangered Species
The following shells found in Michigan are listed as endangered: shell pearl bark, northern riffleshell, Snuffbox shells.
Invasive Species
The Great Lakes have been marred by invasive species like sea lamprey, zebra mussels, quagga mussel, alewife, round goby, and Eurasian milfoil. Asian carp is a threat to enter the Great Lakes. The opening of the Welland Canal allows the sea lamprey and life to pass through the natural barrier of Niagara Falls. Quagga, zebra mussels, and round gobies arrive at the water ballasts of ships coming from Europe and Asia and throw water on the Great Lakes. Eurasia MILANPO is intentionally introduced as an aquatic ornamental plant.
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Pollution
Michigan has banned phosphorus in detergents and grass fertilizers because it causes the growth of algae.
Pharmacy has been detected in the Great Lakes water test. The effects on wildlife are in the early stages of the study. Endocrine disruptors have been associated with changes in reproductive organs in fish.
Some municipalities in Michigan have a combined sewage channel for wastewater and rainwater. Heavy rains can overwhelm the sewage treatment plants and allow partially processed or diluted wastes to enter the waterways. The state has a schedule with this municipality to eliminate or reduce the overflow.
In March 2015, the Michigan legislature is considering legislation to ban the sale of products containing microbeads. The beads have been detected in the aquatic food chain because they look like food for animals.
In July 2010, broken oil pipes that caused the Kalamazoo River oil spill.
The Tittabawassee River, Saginaw River, and Saginaw Bay have been designated Superfund sites by the EPA due to dioxin contamination from the Dow Chemical Company plant.
Mercury in the environment accumulates in certain fish tissues and makes them unsafe for human consumption, especially for unborn children and children.
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See also
- List of lakes in Michigan
- List of rivers in Michigan
src: inhabitat.com
References
src: media.npr.org
External links
- Michigan-Air Quality Environmental Department
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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