Narita-san (??? "Narita mountain") Shinsh?-ji (??? "New victory temple") is a Shingon Buddhist temple located in central Narita, Chiba, Japan. It was founded in 940 by Kanch? Dais?j?, a disciple of K?b? Daishi. It is a lead temple in the Chisan branch (Chisan-ha ???) of New Shingon (Shingi Shingon ?????), includes a large complex of buildings and grounds, and is one of the best-known temples in the Kant? region. It is dedicated to ?cala (Japanese: Fud? my?? ("Unmovable Wisdom King")) who is usually depicted holding a sword and rope and surrounded by flames. Often called a fire god, he is associated with fire rituals.
Video Narita-san
Founding
The temple was established in 940 to commemorate the victory of the forces dispatched from the Heian capital to suppress a revolt by the powerful Kant? region samurai, Taira no Masakado. The Shingon priest Kanch? accompanied the force, bringing with him an image of Acala from the Gomad? (Fire Offering Hall) of Takao-san Jingo-ji in Ky?t?. Shingon founder K?b? Daishi himself was said to have carved the image and used it in Goma sacred fire rituals that helped stop a rebellion during his era. The rebellion in 940 also came to an end just as Kanch? completed a three-week Goma ritual with the same image.
According to legend, the image of Acala became too heavy after the victory to move back to its home base, so a new temple on Narita-san, named Shinsh?-ji (New Victory Temple), was built to enshrine it on the spot. The temple maintains that the original image is enshrined in the Main Hall, where it is displayed on special occasions, but art historians date the current image to no earlier than the 13th century.
Maps Narita-san
Expansion
For over 600 years, Narita-san remained a remote, humble, provincial temple--until Tokugawa Ieyasu moved his capital to Edo in 1603. Ieyasu himself credited its abbot with converting him to Buddhism, and assigned the local Sakura Domain daimy? to be responsible for its upkeep. The military and political success associated with the temple may also have appealed to him, and the location of the temple, protecting the unlucky northeast approach to his new capital, corresponded to the position of the head temple of the Tendai sect, Enryaku-ji, relative to the old Heian capital of Kyoto. However, the shogunate did little to support the temple until Tokugawa Ietsuna reconstructed its Main Hall in 1655. That building now serves as a calligraphy classroom. Shingon founder K?b? Daishi (K?kai) was famous for his Japanese calligraphy.
But the person most responsible for promoting and enriching Narita-san was Ichikawa Danj?r? I (1660-1704), one of the most influential actors of the golden age of kabuki. Born into a wealthy merchant family with ties to the Narita area, Danj?r? relished his family's former samurai status by playing heroic characters doing noble deeds, developing in the process a rough, manly style known as aragoto. He was also a devout Buddhist with a particular devotion to Fud? my??, to whom he gave credit for the safe birth of his son Kuz?, who went on to become Ichikawa Danj?r? II (1688-1758). Kuz? played such a ferocious and convincing Fud? in his stage debut in 1697 that the audience responded with prayers and offerings as if they were before a temple deity. In 1703, Danj?r? I wrote and starred in another play specifically about the Fud? at Shinsh?-ji, The Avatars of the Fud? of Narita Temple, whose opening was timed to coincide with the traveling exhibit (??? degaich?) of sacred images from Narita-san in Edo. Danj?r?'s immense popularity and his attachment to Fud? my?? at Shinsh?-ji prompted many commoners of all classes to make regular pilgrimages from Edo to Narita-san.
Important buildings
Several of the structures at Narita-san temple have been designated National Important Cultural Properties: the K?my?-d?, built in 1701 and dedicated to the Dainichi Nyorai Buddha (Vairocana), the principal image of Shingon Buddhism; the three-storied, 25-meter high pagoda built in 1712; the Ni?mon main gate, built in 1830; the Shaka-d? (Shakyamuni Hall), built in 1858; and the Gaku-d? (Votive Tablet Hall), built in 1861. The Kaizan-d? (Open Mountain Hall) shrine to Kanch? Dais?j? was built in 1938, in time for the temple's 1000th anniversary. Narita-san Park (16.5 hectares) opened in 1928, the current Great Main Hall dates from 1968, a 58-meter high Great Pagoda (Dait?) was added in 1984, and a hall dedicated to Prince Sh?toku, regarded as the father of Japanese Buddhism, was erected in 1992.
Regular events
Large crowds attend the major annual events at Narita-san: Oshogatsu in January, Setsubun in February, the taiko drum festival in April, firelight performances of Noh plays in May, the Gion Festival in July, Obon in August; Shichigosan in November; and the annual burning of amulets in late December. People come to Narita-san Park to view ume blossoms in the early spring and autumn leaves in the late fall. In addition, there are chantings of the Sutra of Great Wisdom (Daihannya-e) in January, May, and September; and temple fairs are held on the 1st, 15th, and 28th day of each month. Several times a day, wooden amulets are ceremonially burned in Goma rituals.
Tourism
Narita-san has been a favorite site for excursions and pilgrimages by citizens of the nearby metropolitan area ever since the Tokugawa shoguns moved the national capital to Edo in 1603. After nearby Narita International Airport became the primary international hub for Japanese air traffic in the late 1970s, Narita-san also began to attract increasing numbers of foreign tourists, especially those who have a long layovers in transit. The airport is just a short train ride from either JR East Narita Station or Keisei Narita Station. From each station, it is just a short walk to the temple, along picturesque streets with many small shops selling snacks and other foodstuffs, as well as good-luck charms and other souvenirs, such as Daruma dolls.
Gallery
References
- Graham, Patricia J. (2007) Faith and Power in Japanese Buddhist Art (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press) ISBN 978-0-8248-3126-4.
External links
- Naritasan Shinsyoji Temple in English
- Narita Airport area guide in English
- Photos of Narita-san Temple
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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